儿童支气管哮喘与母孕期及新生儿期相关影响因素分析

目的 分析儿童支气管哮喘在母孕期及新生儿期的影响因素,为早期防治儿童哮喘提供依据。方法 选择306例哮喘患儿(哮喘组)和250例正常儿童(对照组),对所有儿童母孕期和新生儿期的临床资料进行调查。结果 单因素分析显示哮喘组与对照组在孕期使用抗生素、新生儿期使用抗生素、新生儿期服用益生菌、早产、剖宫产、低出生体重、母乳喂养方面比较差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。多因素logistic回归分析显示,孕期使用抗生素(OR=3.908,95%CI:1.277~11.962)、新生儿期使用抗生素(OR=24.154,95%CI:7.864~74.183)、早产(OR=8.535,95%CI:2.733~26.652)及剖宫产(OR=4.588,95%CI:2.887~7.291)为儿童哮喘的独立危险因素;而新生儿期服用益生菌(OR=0.014,95%CI:0.004~0.046)及母乳喂养6个月(OR=0.161,95%CI:0.103~0.253)为儿童哮喘的保护因素。结论 孕期减少抗生素的使用、减少剖宫产、新生儿期避免滥用抗生素、尽量母乳喂养、尽早添加益生菌可对儿童哮喘起到一定的早期预防作用。

Association between risk factors during maternal pregnancy and the neonatal period and childhood bronchial asthma

Objective To study the association of the risk factors during maternal pregnancy and the neonatal period with childhood bronchial asthma. Methods A total of 306 children with asthma (asthma group) and 250 healthy children (control group) were enrolled. Their clinical data during the neonatal period and the maternal data during pregnancy were retrospectively studied. Results The univariate analysis showed that there were signiifcant differences in the rates of maternal use of antibiotics during pregnancy, use of antibiotics and probiotics during the neonatal period, preterm birth, cesarean section, low birth weight, and breast feeding (>6 months) between the asthma and control groups (P<0.05). The multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that use of antibiotics during pregnancy (OR=3.908, 95%CI: 1.277-11.962), use of antibiotics during neonatal period (OR=24.154, 95%CI: 7.864-74.183), preterm birth (OR=8.535, 95%CI:2.733-26.652), and cesarean section (OR=4.588, 95%CI:2.887-7.291) were independent risk factors for childhood asthma. The use of probiotics during the neonatal period (OR=0.014, 95%CI:0.004-0.046) and breast feeding (>6 months) (OR=0.161, 95%CI:0.103-0.253) were protective factors for childhood asthma. Conclusions The early prevention of childhood asthma can be improved by reducing the use of antibiotics during pregnancy, reducing cesarean section, avoiding abuse of antibiotics during the neonatal period, trying breast feeding and taking probiotics in early stage.