知情同意:要素构成与过程优化

知情同意的有效实施有赖于医疗信息的充分披露、患者的完全自愿和充分理解、患者表意能力的具备和患者有效的知情同意决定.知情同意的过程是其构成要素不断优化的过程.医生应将患者做医疗决定所依赖的实质性信息充分地告知患者.医师在信息提供时,应以一种通俗易懂的方式,以便使患者充分理解.患者的表意能力不同于民事行为能力,其测试标准应考虑理解能力和成熟程度.患者的同意应出于自愿.同意可分为明示的同意和默示的同意.同意一般是可撤销的,在例外情况下可免除,但不得滥用.

Informed Consent: the Construction of Composing Elements and the Optimum of the Procedure

The effective implement of informed consent depends on the adequate disclosure of the medical information, the understanding and the voluntariness of the patients, the competency and the effective decision of the patients. The process of informed consent is the progress of the composing elements. The doctor should provide the patients with enough information needed for the medical decisions, which should be in an acceptive way so that the patients could understand it easily. In the test of competency, unlike the civil capacity, the understanding ability and the maturity should be considered. Patients' consent should be voluntary. The consent, including expressional and implied consent, generally can be withdrawn or exempted exceptionally, but the right should be applied carefully.