甘肃农村留守初中生心理健康与人格特征关系

目的:了解农村留守初中学生心理健康状况、人格特征及其关系,为开展留守儿童心理健康教育提供科学依据。方法:采用症状自评量表(SCL-90)、艾森克人格问卷儿童版(EPQ)对4所中学的886名学生进行问卷调查。比较留守与非留守儿童心理健康状况及人格特征差异,并对留守儿童心理健康及人格特征进行相关分析。结果:留守儿童在躯体化、人际关系敏感、抑郁、焦虑、恐怖、偏执、精神病性症状、总分等方面的得分均高于非留守儿童,差异有统计学意义(t=2.696,P=0.007;t=3.125,P=0.003;t=3.462,P=0.001;t=2.444,P=0.015;t=2.046,P=0.041;t=2.290,P=0.022;t=2.521,P=0.012;t=2.972,P=0.003);在人格特征方面精神质、内外向方面得分低于非留守学生(t=2.740,P=0.006、t=5.544,P=0.000),在神经质、掩饰性两方面高于非留守学生(t=2.818,P=0.005;t=3.208,P=0.001);相关分析表明,精神质与SCL-90量表中除强迫症状、恐怖两因子外其余各因子得分均呈显著相关(P0.01),内外向与人际关系敏感呈正相关(r=0.155,P0.01),与其它各因子不相关(P0.05),神经质与SCL-90各因子呈正相关(P0.01),掩饰性与各因子呈显著负相关(P0.05)。结论:留守对儿童心理健康和人格发展有不利影响,心理健康和人格特征密切相关,应对留守初中生开展心理健康铺导,并注重健全人格的塑造。

The Relationship between Mental Health and Personality Traits of Parents-absent Students in Junior Middle School of Gansu Province Rural

Objective:To investigate mental health,personality traits of junior middle school students and their cor-relation,and provide evidence for mental health education.Methods:886 students from four schools were investigated with the Self-report Symptom Checklist-90(SCL-90)and EPQ scale.Results:Except obsessive-compulsive and hostility,the scores of SCL-90 factors were higher in the left-behind children than non-left-behind children in the junior middle school students(t =2.696,3.125,3.462,2.444,2.046,2.290,2.521,2.972;P <0.05).The scores of psychoticism and introversion-extroversion lie of left-behind children were significantly lower than those of the non-left-behind(t =2.740,5.544;P <0.01).The scores of neuroticism and lie of left-behind children were signif-icantly higher than those of the non-left-behind(t =2.818,3.208;P <0.01).There was a significant correlation be-tween the scores of the Self-report Symptom Checklist-90 and Eysenck Personality Questionnaire(P <0.01).Con-clusion:The mental health problems of the left-behind junior middle school students is low.The mental health sta-tus of the junior middle school students is significantly related to their personality traits.