肿瘤放疗远端效应研究进展

广义的远端效应指局部辐射对整个生物体产生的影响。近年来，研究者们关注的远端效应主要集中于肿瘤局部放疗后，远处转移瘤的自发消退现象和非照射野正常组织的损伤。越来越多的证据表明，远端效应的产生与免疫系统密切相关。放疗可能成为一种全身性免疫系统激活的手段，在恶性肿瘤的发展和转归过程中发挥重要作用。目前，一些靶向作用于免疫检测点通路的治疗药物已经投入多种恶性肿瘤治疗的临床使用。免疫检测点抑制剂和放疗联合使用，通过诱发强力的远端效应，使人体自身产生有效的抗肿瘤作用，取得了良好的疗效。本文就目前在放疗联合免疫治疗领域，远端效应的研究进展和未来的发展方向作一简述。

Recent research progress of abscopal effect in tumor radiotherapy

If loosely defined, an abscopal effect occurs when localized irradiation affects the whole organism. In recent years, distant tumor regression and normal tissue damage after localized irradiation have been concerned by immuno-oncologists. However, the mechanisms of this effect are still far from clear. Mounting evidences suggest that the generation of abscopal effects is closely related to immune regulation. Radiotherapy might become a systemic tumor-treatment modality by enhancing immune function and played an important role in every stage of tumor development and prognosis. For the moment, targeting the immune checkpoint has become an attractive approach for malignant tumor therapy. Preclinical data have revealed that a strong abscopal effect could be effectively induced by the co-treatement of immune checkpoint inhibitors and irradiation, which could recruit antitumor T cells and achieve a powerful anti-tumor effect. This review discusses current progress and perspectives of abscopal effects in the combination of radiotherapy and immunotherapy.