1990年广州白云机场“10·2”空难的灾害医学分析

1990年10月2日上午，广州白云机场发生了因歹徒劫机而紧急着陆造成的大空难，现场死亡120人，受伤65人（8名伤员送医院后抢救无效死亡），生还102人。事发后，在机场当局、公安、武警、消防、医疗抢救组的密切配合下，40min内完成了现场的伤员抢救工作。这次空难的灾害医学应急反应是快速、高效的，体现了广州白云机场当局对机场重大空难的灾害应急计划和医学救援的能力，但也暴露了一些问题，如现场医学救援的统一指挥、伤员的分类、后送时机和医院的选择、以及身份识别等问题都有待进一步总结和改进。本次空难的伤亡情况分析揭示，这类灾害的救护重点是颅脑伤和烧伤，紧急情况下嘱乘客取弯腰、屈膝、双手抱头紧靠前座椅背的姿式，可减少伤亡。

Disaster medicine aualysis of air disaster at Baiyun Airport, Guangzhou on October 2, 1990

In the morning of October 2,1990,a huge air disaster occurred at Baiyun Airport due to airplane hijacker violating the emergent landing.Two hundred and forty-four passengers and aircrew were involved in the accident,in which 120 died on spot. Sixty-five wounded were sent to hospital,and 8 of them died following etnergent treatment. Under the close coordination of airport authority, public security personnel,armed polices,fire fighters,and medical rescue group,the rescue of the wounded on spot was completed within 40 min. The emergent medical reaction to this air disaster was quick and highly efficient.It revealed the ability and validity of the airport on emergent program for major air dis-aster and medical rescue. At the same time some problems were also exposed,such as unified command-ing of spot medical rescue,classification of the wounded,selecton of right evacuation moment and hospi-tal,identification of victims,etc. All these needed further summing up and improvement. Analysis of the condition of injuries and deaths revealed that head injury and burn were the foca1 of rescue in this kind of disaster. It is suggested that,briefing passengers bending their body and knees,covering their head with hands firmly against the back of fore chair during emergent landing may reduce casualties.