洪涝灾区三种饮用水应急消毒处理模式效果研究

目的建立洪涝灾区分散投药、专职投药和集中过滤处理3种生活饮用水应急消毒处理模式,比较3种模式对生活饮用水消毒处理的效果。方法于2008年10月～12月选择湖北仙桃杨林尾镇18个村庄作为现场,分为分散投药组、专职投药组和集中过滤组,每2周对生活饮用水源水、设备出口水、居民缸水采样并检测菌落总数、总大肠菌群、耐热大肠菌群、大肠埃希菌4项微生物指标。结果 3组水源水微生物污染严重,全部不合格;饮用水应急集中处理设备的菌落总数消除率为99.95%;分散投药组、专职投药组和集中过滤组菌落总数消除率分别为81.93%、99.67%和98.28%;居民缸水微生物指标合格率分别为13.33%、70.00%和43.33%,差异有统计学意义。结论集中过滤模式和专职投药模式在洪涝灾区对生活饮用水的消毒处理效果优于分散投药模式。

Study on effect of 3 types of drinking water emergent disinfection models in flood/waterlog areas

Objective To establish 3 drinking water emergent disinfection processing models,separated medicate dispensing,specific duty medicate dispensing,and centralized filtering,in flood/waterlog areas,and compare the effects of these 3 models on the drinking water disinfection processing.Methods From October to December,2008,18 villages were selected as the trial field in Yanglinwei town,Xiantao city,Hubei province,which were divided into three groups,separated medicate dispensing,specific duty medicate dispensing,and centralized filtering.Every 2 weeks,drinking water source water,yielding water of emergency central filtrate water equipment(ECFWE) and container water in the kitchen were sampled and microbe indices of the water sample,standard plate-count bacteria,total coliforms,thermotolerant coliform bacteria,Escherichia coli were measured.Results The microbe pollution of the water of these 3 water source groups are heavy,all failed.The eliminating rate of the standard plate-count bacteria of the drinking water emergent centralized processing equipment is 99.95% ;those of the separate medicate dispensing,specific duty medicate dispensing and centralized filtering are 81.93%,99.67%,and 98.28%,respectively.The passing rates of the microbe indice of the resident contained water are 13.33%,70.00%,and 43.33%,respectively.The difference has statistical significance.Conclusions The drinking water disinfection effects of the centralized filtering model and of the specific duty medicate dispensing model are better than that of the separated medicate dispensing model in the flood/waterlog areas.