新疆主要人畜共患病及非强制免疫类动物疫病防控现状及对策

通过汇总2016-2020年新疆动物防疫工作调研情况和动物疫病的监测情况,分析得出新疆主要人畜共患病及非强制免疫类动物疫病呈现出疫病种类繁多,造成的损失巨大的特点。其中细菌病布鲁氏菌病仍处于多发态势,防控难度较大;牛结核病在新疆各地均有感染点,呈现出点多面广的特点,又以东疆感染率较高;其他病原菌主要是产气荚膜梭菌、巴氏杆菌、大肠杆菌等,而产气荚膜梭菌病近2年呈多发趋势。寄生虫病中包虫病畜间阳性率仍然呈现缓慢增长的趋势;羊痒螨病发病率在南疆有上升趋势。病毒病中山羊痘在南疆呈现多发的趋势。基于以上现状,新疆主要人畜共患病及非强制免疫类动物疫病防控面临的主要问题有:政策长期关注度不够,防控力量投入少,社会认知度低;疫病防控技术服务体系建设相对滞后;部分地区畜牧业生产方式仍然落后;流通监管环节仍存漏洞;非强制免疫类动物疫病的免疫效果参差不齐等方面的主要问题。本文针对以上问题提出了切合实际的意见建议和防控对策。

Current Situation and Countermeasures of Prevention and Control of Zoonoses and Other Animal Diseases of Non-compulsory Immunization in Xinjiang

In this study,the investigation results of animal epidemic prevention and the monitoring data of animal diseases from 2016 to 2020 were summarized,and it was concluded that the main zoonoses and other animal diseases of non-compulsory immunization in Xinjiang were with the characteristic of a great variety,and huge losses were caused.Among the bacterial diseases,prevalence of brucellosis was still severe,resulting in difficulties in its prevention and control;bovine tuberculosis had infection points all over Xinjiang,showing a wide spreading range,and the infection rate was highest in eastern Xinjiang;other pathogenic bacteria mainly included Clostridium perfringens,Pasteurella,Escherichia coli,etc.,and the occurrence Clostridium perfringens disease was relatively more frequent in recent two years.Among parasitic diseases,the positive rate of hydatid disease among livestock was still increasing slowly,and the incidence rate of sheep itch showed an increase trend in southern Xinjiang.Among the viral diseases,goat pox occurred more frequently in southern Xinjiang.Based on all the above analysis,the main problems faced by the prevention and control of such diseases included insufficient long-term attention by policies,less investment in prevention and control forces,low social awareness;relatively lagging construction of disease prevention and control technology service system;backward animal husbandry production mode in some regions;loopholes in animal circulation and supervision;and the uneven immune effect for the animal diseases of non-compulsory immunization;as well as the influence of environmental factors.In view of the above problems,practical suggestions and prevention and control countermeasures were put forward.