某新运行核电站所在地核辐射事件卫生应急能力调查

目的 了解某新运行核电站所在地卫生应急机构的核辐射事件卫生应急能力，为放射卫生机构核辐射事件卫生应急能力提升提供建议。方法 采用国家疾控中心统一制订的调查表对该新运行核电站所在地省、市、县、乡四级放射卫生机构开展核辐射卫生应急能力调查，分析应急职责、现状和存在的不足。结果 调查相关机构15个，承担核辐射突发事件卫生应急职责的机构有9个，其中6个机构设有独立应急部门或承担卫生应急职责的部门；5个机构制定了应急预案/程序；有专项工作经费仅3个；有相应应急装备的有6家，占2/3；8个机构有应急药品储备；应急人员参加应急培训和演练的分别有14个和13个；省市级机构设备配备有表面污染仪、个人剂量计和个人防护服等基本装备；13家医疗机构均有伤员转运和救治能力，但具备去污洗消和生物剂量估算的仅有3个和1个；每年开展应急培训和演练的仅有省级和市级2个机构。结论 该核电站所在地省级核辐射事件卫生应急能力较完善，但市、县和乡级应急能力显著不足，在应急组织、应急装备、应急能力各方面都有待加强。

Survey on the regional health emergency response capability of nuclear radiation incidents in a newly operated nuclear power plant

Objective To understand the regional health emergency response capability of nuclear radiation incidents in a new nuclear power plant, and to provide suggestions for improving the capability of the radiological health institutions.Methods Based on the questionnaire formulated by the National CDC, the health emergency response capability of the provincial, municipal, county and township institutions near the newly operated nuclear power plant was surveyed, and the emergency responsibilities, current situation and existing shortages were analyzed.Results A total of 15 relevant institutions were investigated. Nine of them were responsible for the health emergency response of nuclear radiation emergencies, 6 of them had set up independent emergency departments or departments responsible for the health emergency response, 5 of them had established emergency plans/procedures, but only 3 of them had special work funds. 6 of them had equipped with corresponding emergency equipment, 8 institutions had emergency drug reserves. 14 and 13 institutions had sent staff in participating the emergency training and drills, respectively. The provincial and municipal institutions had equipped with basic equipment such as surface contamination survey meter, personal dosimeter and personal protective clothing. 13 institutions had the ability to transport and treat the wounded, but only 3 had the ability of decontamination, and 1 had the ability of biological dose estimation. Only the provincial and municipal institutions carried out the emergency training and drills every year.Conclusion The provincial emergency response capability of nuclear radiation incidents is relatively perfect, but the capability in the city, county and township levels near the nuclear power plant is significantly insufficient, and all aspects of emergency organization, emergency equipment and emergency response capability need to be strengthened.