呼吸机相关肺炎的病原菌分布及其耐药性分析

目的　研究呼吸机相关肺炎患者的感染菌群和对常用抗生素的耐药性。方法　对本院ICU病房 2 8例呼吸机相关肺炎病人所分离的感染菌株及对抗生素耐药性进行回顾性分析。结果　 112株病原菌中 ,革兰氏阴性菌 62株 ,占 5 5 .3 6% ,真菌 2 8株 ,占 2 5 % ,革兰氏阳性菌 2 2株 ,占19 .64 %。革兰氏阴性菌以肺炎克雷伯菌肺炎亚种 (18/62株 ,2 9.0 3 % )为主 ,革兰氏阳性菌以金黄色葡萄球菌 (17/2 2株 ,77.2 7% )为主 ,真菌以白假丝酵母菌 (19/2 8株 ,67.86% )为主。革兰氏阴性菌对亚胺培南耐药率最低 (2 5 .81% ) ,万古霉素对革兰氏阳性菌敏感率为 95 .45 % ,两性霉素B对真菌敏感率为 75 .0 0 %。结论　呼吸机相关肺炎以革兰氏阴性菌为主 ,真菌和革兰氏阳性菌有上升趋势 ,亚胺培南和万古霉素对呼吸机相关肺炎的感染菌株最敏感。

Bacterial distribution and analysis of drug resistance in ventilator-associated pneumonia

Objective To research bacterial distribution and analysis of drug resistance in ventilator associated pneumonia in Intensive Care Unit (ICU).Methods Bacterial distribution and drug resistance in ventilator-associated pneumonia from July 2000 to June 2001 were analyzed retrospectively. Results Gram negative bacteria was 55.36%, fungi was 25.00% and Gram positive bacteria was 19.64% . In Gram negative bacteria Klebsiella pneumoniae was the major one (29.03%) and in Gram positive bacteria Staphylococcus aureus was most prominent (77.27%) and Candida albicans was the main type of fungi (67.86%). The resistance rate of Gram negative bacteria accounted for Emipenem was the lowest (25.81%). The sensitive rate of Vancomycin to Gram positive bacteria was 95.45% and Amphotericin B to fungi was 75.00%.Conclusions Emipenem and Vancomycin are the most sensitive to infectious bacteria of ventilator associated pneumonia.