胸腰椎椎弓根螺钉置入位置不当19例分析

目的:分析胸腰椎椎弓根螺钉置入位置不当的原因.方法:选择2002-01/2008-01南京中医药大学无锡附属医院骨科收治的经影像学证实的胸腰椎椎弓根螺钉置入位置不当患者19例,男12例,女7例;年龄23-68岁,平均52.5岁.其中胸腰椎骨折5例,腰椎滑脱症8例,退行性腰椎疾病6例.椎弓根固定系统:Steffee 4例,DRFS 3例,RF 6例,AF 4例,GSS 2例.所有病例均经X射线正侧位平片及经椎弓根平面C下薄层扫描观察椎弓根螺钉位置,包括螺钉与椎弓根及硬膜囊,周围大血管的解剖位置关系.结果:患者自螺钉置入后至发现椎弓根螺钉误置时间为5-69 d,平均18.5 d.其中螺钉穿破椎弓根外侧皮质7例,穿破椎弓根内侧皮质4例,螺钉穿破椎弓根皮质(脊柱侧弯伴旋转)2例,螺钉置入过深2例,螺钉进入椎间孔2例,进入椎间隙2例.结论:螺钉置入不当的原因与对局部解剖变异及操作技术有关,提高手术技巧、术前术中影像学的测量及监控是正确置钉的关键.

Analysis of pedicle screw misplacement in the thoracolumbar spine of 19 cases

OBJECTIVE: To analyze the causes for misplacement of pedicle screw in thoracolumbar spine.METHODS: From January 2002 to January 2008, 19 patients with misplacement in thoracolumbar spine were treated in Department of Orthopedics, Wuxi Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, including 12 males and 7 females with an average age of 52.5 years (range 23-68 years). The diagnoses were thoracolumbar fracture in 5 cases, lumbar spondylolisthesis in 8 and degenerative lumbar disease in 6. The fixation systems were Steffee used in 4 cases, DRFS in 3, RF in 6, AF in 4 and GSS in 2. X-ray and CT scanning were used to observe pedicle screw location, including screw,pedicle and membranous sac and great vessels.RESULTS: The time of misplacement of pedicle screw was 5-69 days with an average time of 18.5 days, including 7 cases of screw penetrating into lateral cortex, 4 of screw penetrating into medial cortex, 2 of screw penetrating into pedicle cortex, 2 of overplacement, 2 of intervertebral foremen placement and 2 of intervertebral space placement.CONCLUSION: The causes for screw misplacement were anatomic variation and poor surgical skills, and the key factors in precise insertion of pedicle screw are fine surgical skills, carefully study of preoperative image and the intra-operative monitoring.