Pregnancy after renal transplantation: A single-center experience

Objectives:   To examine women with renal transplants who became pregnant, and delivered at our hospital.
Methods:   Twenty-six women who had undergone renal transplantation between 1977 and 2002 became pregnant, and delivered at Osaka University Hospital. Complete medical records of twenty of them were retrieved and retrospectively analyzed.
Results:   Overall, twenty-nine pregnancies occurred in these twenty women after renal transplantation. There were spontaneous abortions in three cases, whereas pregnancy was artificially terminated five times. Thus, neonates were delivered in 21 of 29 pregnancies. One woman delivered twice and two women delivered twins. As a result, a total of 23 neonates were delivered. Mean gestational period was 35.4 weeks (range, 27–41 weeks), and mean birth weight was 2229 g (range, 724–3544 g). Regarding fetal complications, intrauterine growth retardation was observed in three cases. One child with intrauterine growth retardation died at 3 months old due to respiratory distress syndrome. One child displayed double-outlet right ventricle and another child had congenital unilateral hydronephrosis. Regarding maternal complications, prevalence of toxemia of pregnancy was 38.1%. In four of the 21 deliveries (19.0%), renal function exacerbated after delivery. Rates of graft survival for the 20 women at 1, 5 and 10 years after delivery were 100%, 85.1% and 74.4%, respectively. Prognosis for renal transplant resulted to be significantly poorer for recipients with hypertension before pregnancy than for recipients without hypertension before pregnancy (log-rank test, P  = 0.043).
Conclusions:   Rates of graft survival after delivery were mostly favorable. However, prognosis for renal function was poorer for recipients who displayed hypertension prior to pregnancy.