上海市妇女对乳腺癌及其早期筛查认知情况的调查

目的了解上海市妇女对于乳腺癌及早期筛查的认知情况和获取相关信息的来源。方法采用乳腺癌及其早期筛查的知识问卷和有关信息来源的问卷对739名妇女进行调查。结果92%的妇女知道乳房肿块是乳腺癌的早期症状,有98.1%和95.7%的妇女认为乳腺自我检测和乳腺临床检查可以早期发现乳腺癌,只有26.7%和24.6%的妇女知道肥胖和年龄是乳腺癌的高危因素。居住在市区、文化程度高的妇女,乳腺癌的认知情况较好(P<0.01)。目前妇女了解乳腺癌早期筛查知识的渠道主要是通过报纸或杂志(43.3%),55.2%的人最想从医师或护士处得到相关信息,同时也有45.3%的人认为从医师或护士处得到的信息最有助于她们做出早期筛查的决定。结论妇女对于乳腺癌及早期筛查知识的掌握程度分布不均,传媒要加强对乳腺癌早期筛查的宣传,护理人员要加强有关的健康教育,针对不同人群实施有效的健康指导,以提高妇女的认知水平。

Survey of cognition of breast cancer and its early screening by Shanghai women

Objective To investigate the cognition of breast cancer and its early screening and the way to obtain relevant information by Shanghai women. Methods 739 women were surveyed by two questionnaires titled "knowledge about breast cancer and its early sceening" and "the sources of information about breast cancer and its early sceening". Results Most women knew that breast lump was one of the early symptoms of breast cancer and that breast self-examination and clinical breast examination could detect cancer in it's early stage. However, only less than one third women knew that obesity and aging were risk factors of breast cancer. Women in urban area with higher educatioral status were more knowledgeable about breast cancer and its early sceening (P<0.05). Women got information about early screening of breast cancer mainly from newspaper and periodicals. However, more than half of them hoped that they could get infornation from doctors and nurses helping them to seek for screening.Conclusions There are considerable disparity in women about knowledge of breast cancer and its early screening. Mass media should pay more attention to disseminating the knowledge of early screening for breast cancer, and the health care professionals should develop the strategies and appropriate education programs according to different needs in different population.