下颌阻生智齿拔除后第二磨牙远中牙槽骨变化的临床研究

目的追踪调查下颌阻生智齿拔除后,邻近的第二磨牙远中牙槽骨的远期预后。方法挑选因下颌智齿水平或近中阻生而在2年前要求拔牙的患者,在接受拔牙时,邻近第二磨牙远中牙槽骨已经发生水平吸收的病例,共计104例。复查内容包括：下颌第二磨牙牙周深度探诊,摄术后数字牙片,测量近远中牙槽骨垂直高度,然后与拔牙前的相应数据做比较。采取多项措施减少误差以保证数据可比性。结果72.1%的下颌第二磨牙远中牙周探诊深度≥6mm;术后远中牙槽骨可以再生,高度大于术前（P〈0.01）,但仍小于近中牙槽骨高度（P〈0.01）;年龄对牙槽骨增量无影响。结论下颌阻生智齿拔除后,邻近的第二磨牙远中牙槽骨可以再生,但无法恢复至正常水平;应提倡一期植入人工骨改善其远期预后。

The change of the distal alveolar bone of the second molar after the removal of the impacted mandibular wisdom tooth: a follow-up study

Objective To follow up the long - term prognosis of the distal alveolar bone of the proximal second molar （M2） after the removal of the impacted mandibular wisdom tooth （ M3 ）. Methods A total of 104 clinic eases were screened out, whose M3 were removed 2 years ago, and whose M2 alveolar bone had been destroyed horizontally. They were called back to take an oral re - examinations, involving periodontal depth probing and digital X - ray test. The vertical alveolar bone height, both before and after M3 removal, was measured by the digital X - ray software, and the data were compared statistically. A lot was done to reduce the errors and to guarantee the comparability. Results A total of 72.1% of the periodontal depth probing were over 6mm. The M2 distal alveolar bone height after M3 removal was greater than that before it （ P 〈0.01 ）, but smaller than the mesial bone height yet （ P 〈 0.01 ）. The age had no effect on the alveolar bone increments. Conclusion The regeneration of the proximal M2 distal alveolar bone that had been destroyed horizontally was obvious after the impacted M3 had been removed. However, it was impossible to recover to the normality. It should be advocated to implant the man - made bone at the same time of pulling out the M3.