某高校新生健康体检结果分析及健康教育对策

目的 了解大学新生入学健康状况,确定高校卫生工作防治重点,为开展高校卫生保健工作打下基础。方法 选取江苏省某高校2018级新入学新生共9 166人为研究对象,体检内容主要包括身高、体质量、体质量指数(BMI )、血压、心率、肝功能、肾功能、血常规、尿常规等,并对健康体检结果进行分析。结果 男女生BMI分布差异有统计学意义(P<0.01),不同 BMI 新生高血压检出率差异有统计学意义(P<0.01)。新生中高血压590人,检出率为6.44%;谷丙转氨酶增高566人,检出率为6.17%;心律不齐44人,检出率为 0.48%;尿酸异常3 508人,检出率为38.27%;肌酐异常161人,检出率为1.76%。男生高血压、谷丙转氨酶升高、心律不齐、尿酸异常检出率高于女生(P<0.01),女生肌酐异常检出率高于男生(P<0.01)。结论 大学生日常健康行为存在较多的疾病隐患,需要加强体育锻炼,合理饮食,学校应加强健康教育宣传力度。

Analysis of physical examination results of freshmen in an university and health education countermeasures

Objective To understand the health status of university freshmen, determine the key points of prevention and control of health work in colleges, and lay the foundation for the development of health care in universities.Methods A total of 9 166 new enrolled students from a university in Jiangsu Province were selected as research objects.The physical examination contents included height, weight, body mass index(BMI), blood pressure, heart rate, liver function,renal function, blood routine, urine routine, etc., and the results of the physical examinations were analyzed. Results There was a statistically significant difference in the distribution of BMI between the males and females(P<0.01). There was a statistically significant difference in BMI between freshmen with normal blood pressure and those with hypertension(P<0.01). Totally 590 freshmen suffered from hypertension, the detection rate was 6.44%. Alanine aminotransferase was increased in 566 freshmen, and the detection rate was 6.17%. There were 44 persons with arrhythmia, and the detection rate was 0.48%. There were 3 508 persons with abnormal uric acid, and the detection rate was 38.27%. A total of 161 freshmen had abnormal creatinine, and the detection rate was 1.76%. There were significant differences in the detection rates of hypertension, alanine aminotransferase, arrhythmia, uric acid abnormalities and creatinine abnormalities between the males and females(P<0.01). The detection rates of hypertension, alanine aminotransferase, arrhythmia and uric acid abnormality were higher in the boys than those in the girls. The detection rate of creatinine in the girls was higher than that in the boys. Conclusion There are many hidden dangers of college students’ daily health behaviors. It is necessary to strengthen physical exercises and rational diet. The authorities of the schools should pay attention to them, propose improvement measures, and strengthen the health education to protect the students’ physical health.