环境因素与出生缺陷

出生缺陷是围生儿死亡的主要原因之一,也是引起死胎、死产以及影响新生儿健康成长的重要原因.出生缺陷可因环境因素、遗传因素或两者的相互作用而发生.近年来,引起出生缺陷的环境因素成为研究热点.研究发现,出生缺陷与母亲妊娠期接触有害理化因素（如放射线、高温等物理性因素,铅、镉、锌、叶酸等化学性因素）,主动或被动吸烟、接触有机溶剂和环境污染物以及接触农业毒物、饮用水消毒副产物等有关.探讨环境因素与出生缺陷之间的关系可为减少出生缺陷提供理论依据.

Environment Factors and Birth Defects

Birth defect is one of the main causes of the death of perinatal infant, and it is also supposed to be the major cause that leads to stillbirth, deadbirth and affect the growth of neonatals. It relates to environment factors, genetic factors, or the interaction of each other. For recent years ,more and more researches have focused on the environment risk factors leading to birth defects. It was found that,birth defects were related to harmful physical or chemical factors （such as radiation, hyperthermia,lead,cadmium,zinc and folie acid） , maternal active and passive smoking, exposure to organic solvents and environmental pollution or exposure to agricultural toxic ,drinking water disinfection by-products and so on. This paper aims to investigate the relationship between environment and birth defects, to provide a theoretical basis for reducing birth defects.