妊娠期糖尿病免疫遗传学研究进展

妊娠期糖尿病（GDM）是妇女在妊娠期发生或首次发现的不同程度的糖耐量异常,其是多个基因异常表达与环境因素共同作用引起的临床综合征,其发病率呈逐年上升趋势.因此,探索GDM发病机制及其病理生理对GDM患者进行预测和干预显得尤为重要.与妊娠相关的胰岛素抵抗程度超过了胰岛β细胞功能代偿的极限是目前较为公认的GDM发病原因,但其具体的发病机制尚不完全清楚.近年的研究发现,免疫遗传因素在GDM的发生发展中有重要作用.从免疫遗传角度深入探讨GDM患者T细胞、人类白细胞抗原（HLA）复合体等的变化可为进一步研究GDM发病机制提供新思路.

Progress about Immunogenetics of Gestational Diabetes Mellitus

Gestational diabetes Mellitus （GDM） is a clinical syndrome with abnormal expression of multiple genes and environmental factors,its incidence increased year by year,so explore the pathogenesis and pathophysiology of GDM is very important for the prediction and intervention. Pregnancy related insulin resistance exceeds the limits of compensatory β islet cell＇ s function is a recognized reason of GDM, however, the exact pathogenesis is not fully understood. In recent years, new studies have found that the immune and genetic factors play important roles in the occurrence and development of GDM. This article is from the view of immune and genetic,discuss the T cells, HLA complexes and other changes in patients with gestational diabetes, wishing to provide new ideas for further research of GDM＇s pathogenesis.