甲状腺术中喉返神经解剖显露的临床意义

目的 探讨甲状腺术中喉返神经(RLN)的解剖特点及探查方法,以减少神经损伤.方法 回顾性分析327例甲状腺手术的临床资料.常规显露RLN 242例(293条),不显露RLN 85例,并对RLN解剖特点、损伤情况和预防进行分析.结果 显露RLN者暂时性损伤率为1.65%(4/242),无永久性损伤;未显露者暂时性损伤率为8.23%(7/85),永久性损损伤率为2.35%(2/85),两组暂时性损伤率之间和永久性损伤率之间差异均有统计学意义(P＜0.05).67.23%(197/293)的RLN在入喉前分为前后两支,61.09%(179/293)的RLN位于甲状腺下动脉的深面,31.39%(92/293)位于动脉的浅面,4.09%(12/293)穿行于动脉的分叉处,4.13%(10/293)与动脉无关,"非返性喉下神经"的发生率为0.68%(2/293).结论 RLN的行程过程中解剖关系较为复杂,甲状腺手术中有计划地显露RLN可以预防其损伤.

Clinical significance of anatomic exposure of recurrent laryngeal nerve in thyroid surgery

Objective To investigate the anatomic feature and exposing methods of recurrent laryngeal nerve(RLN) in thyroid surgery. Methods The data of 327 cases of thyroid tumor were analyzed retrospectively. The anatomic feature, injury and prevention of RLN were discussed. Of all the cases, 293 RLNs (242 cases) were anatomically exposed. Results The temporary injury rates of RLN was 1.65% (4/242) in the exposed group and 8.23% (7/85) in the unexposed group with a persistent injury rate of 2.35%(2/85). The differences of temporary injury rates and persistent injury rates between the two groups were statistically significant (P<0.05). 67.23% (197/293) of the RLNs had two branches before entering larynx, 61.09%(179/293) of RLNs were posterior to the inferior thyroid artery and 31.39% (92/293) anterior to the inferior thyroid artery, 4.09% (12/293) passed through the bifurcation of inferior thyroid artery, and 4. 13% (10/293) were not related to the inferior thyroid artery. The incidence of non-recurrent laryngeal nerve (inferior laryngeal nerve) was 0.68% (2/293). Conclusions The anatomic relation of RLN is relatively complicated along its journey. The injury of RLN could be reduced with designed exposal during the thyroid surgery.