大鼠创伤性脑损伤后星形胶质细胞的变化

目的：探讨大鼠创伤性脑损伤后星形胶质细胞的形态学变化及GFAP和NOS的表达情况。方法：采用大鼠自由落体脑损伤模型，伤后1、3、7d取脑切片，行Nissl染色以及GFAP免疫组化和NADPH—d组化单标记及双标记染色。结果：损伤区周围皮质GFAP阳性细胞胞体增大、突起增粗增长，GFAP阳性细胞数量与正常侧及对照组相比，伤后1d即有明显增加，伤后3d、7d数量持续增加；损伤侧海马CAI～3区和DG各层GFAP阳性细胞排列紊乱，胞体增大、突起增粗增长，GFAP阳性细胞数量与正常侧及对照组相比则无明显变化。损伤区周围皮质、损伤侧海马NOS阳性细胞数量明显增加。伤后3d损伤区周围皮质和损伤侧海马中GFAP与NOS双标细胞分别占GFAP阳性细胞的14．2％和13．4％左右。结论：大鼠创伤性脑损伤后大量的星形胶质细胞活化、GFAP表达增加并且部分转化为NOS阳性细胞，提示其参与了脑组织的损伤与修复过程。

The changes of astrocyte after traumatic brain injury in rats

Objective: To explore the morphologic changes of astrocyte and the expressions of GFAP and NOS after traumatic brain injury in rats. Methods: Sprague-Dawley(SD) rat models with traumatic brain injury were made by Feeney's method. Nissl staining was employed, and GFAP and NOS positive cells were detected in cortex and hippocampus by immunohistochemistry of GFAP, NADPH-d histochemistry at 1, 3 and 7 days after TBI. Results: Compared with the sham control group, the number of GFAP positive cells in the near-damaged-area of the ipsilateral injuryed cortex continually increased from 1 to 7 days, the cell bodies enlarged and the processes extended; GFAP positive cells in the ipsilateral hippocampus CA1~3 and DG region disorganized, the cell bodies enlarged and the processes extended but the number of positive cells did not obviously be changed. NOS positive cells increased in the ipsilateral cortex and hippocampus. About 14.2% of the GFAP positive cells in the ipsilateral injuryed cortex, and 13.4% in the ipsilateral hippocampus at 3 days after injury were stained by NADPH-d histochemistry. Conclusions: Astrocytes activates, and the expression of GFAP increases and some astrocytes turn into NOS positive cells after injury in rats. It suggests that astrocytes take part in the damnification and repair of brain tissue after TBI in rats.