儿童期虐待和父母养育方式与抑郁症的关系研究

目的 探讨儿童期虐待和父母养育方式与抑郁症的关系.方法 采用儿童期虐待史自评量表(PRCA)、父母养育方式评价量表(EMBU)对符合入组标准的98例抑郁症患者进行评估,并与100例正常人群进行对照,采用汉密顿抑郁量表(24项,HAMD)评定抑郁症状严重程度.结果 抑郁症患者儿童期受虐待史率(36.7%)明显高于正常人(9.0%),差异具有显著性(P<0.01).抑郁症患者的父母惩罚严厉、拒绝否认分别为(17.95±5.72)分,(13.89±5.40)分.(10.45±3.47)分,(13.99±4.85)分],高于对照组分别为(15.98±4.86)分,(11.61±4.19分)分,(8.02±2.98)分,(11.14±3.76)分],而父母情感温暖理解因子,低于对照组,差异具有显著性(P<0.05).抑郁症状与情感虐待、性虐待、忽视因子及父母惩罚严厉、拒绝否认、母亲过分干涉因子呈显著正相关r=0.298～0.540,P<0.05或P<0.01),与父母情感温暖理解因子呈显著负相关(r=-0.350～-0.508,P<0.05或P<0.01).情感虐待、性虐待、忽视和虐待总分与父母养育方式多个因子分存在显著相关(r=-0.479～0.523,P<0.05或P<0.01).结论 抑郁症患者儿童期遭遇过较多的情感虐待、性虐待和忽视,父母养育方式影响儿童虐待的发生,儿童期被受虐待经历和父母不良养育方式与抑郁症的形成有关.

The relationship of depression to childhood abuse and the parental rearing behaviors

Objective To explore the relationship of depression to childhood abuse and the parental rearing behaviors.Methods 120 patients with depression and 100 healthy controls were evaluated with personal report of childhood abuse(PRCA)and egma minnen borndoms uppforstran(EMBU),then the data were used to analyze,and the depression state assessed with the 24-item Hamilton rating scale for depression(HAMD).Results The occurrence rate(36.7%)of childhood abused history in depressive patients was significanfly higher than that in healthy controls(9.0%)(P＜0.01).Compare with the healthy controls,depressive patients had higher scores in parental punishment and severity,rejection and denial,while had lower scores in parental emotional warmth(17.95±5.72 vs 15.98±4.86,13.89±5.40 vs 11.61±4.19,10.45±3.47 vs 8.02±2.98,13.99±4.85 vs 11.14±3.76,45.34±8.58 vs 49.43±9.21,46.92±10.19 vs 50.17±11.85,all P＜0.05).Depression sign were positively correlated to emotional abuse factor.sexual abuse factor,neglect factor,parental punishment and severity,rejection and denim,mother's over interference(r=0.298～0.540,P＜0.05 or P＜0.01).negatively to parental emotional warm(r=-0.350～-0.508,P,＜0.05 or P＜0.01).Significant relation exists between emotional abuse,sexual abuse,neglect,total abuse and some factors of the parental rearing behaviors(r=-0.479～0.523,P＜0.05 or P＜0.01).Conclusion Depressive patients experienced more severe traumatic events during their early life,parental rearing behavior effected childhood abuse,and childhood maltreatment experiences and negative parental rearing behavior have influence on the development of depression.