2079例交通伤患者的流行病学分析

目的:探讨急诊交通伤的流行病学特点。方法:选择2000年1月-2008年12月急诊抢救的交通伤患者2079例,按年龄、季节、外伤类型、外伤死亡原因、病死率等分类进行回顾性分析。结果:①年龄分布:年龄≤14岁,占1.3%;14～39岁939例,占45.2%;40～59岁865例,占41.6%;60～79岁176例,占8.5%;≥80岁71例,占3.4%。②按季度统计:1季度383例,占18.4%;2季度555例,占26.7%;3季度619例,占29.8%;4季度522例,占25.1%。以3季度交通伤发生病例数最多。③9年来交通伤病例数占各种外伤病例的65.2%,比例有逐年增高的趋势。④交通伤中损害部位最多的为颅脑和各种骨折,分别占总数的56.2%和15.7%;颅脑外伤和多发伤为交通伤常见的死亡原因,分别占总数的56.4%和33.7%。结论:通过对交通伤的流行病学分析,制定科学的防范措施,改进急救体系和服务模式,加强急诊创伤急救专业人员的培训,可以提高抢救成功率。

Epidemiological analysis of 2079 cases of traffic injury patients

Objective：To investigate the epidemiological characteristics of emergency traffic injury.Method：2079 cases of patients of traffic injury from January 2000 to December 2008 were analyzed by age,season,type of trauma,traumatic causes of death,mortality and other classifications retrospectively.Result：1.3% patients were less than 14 years old,939 cases were from 14 to 39 years old（45.2%）,865 cases were 40 to 59 years old（41.6%）,176 cases were 60 to 79 years old（8.5%）,71 cases were more than 80 years old（3.4%）.Quarterly basis statistics showed that 383 cases（18.4%）happened in the first quarter,555 cases（26.7%）in the second quarter,619 cases（29.8%）in the third quarter,522 cases（25.1%）in the fourth quarter.The number of traffic injuries in the third quarter was the largest.The number of traffic injury cases in a variety of trauma cases accounted for 65.2%,and the proportion increased continually.The most common parts in traffic injuries were the brain damage（56.2%）and a variety of fractures（15.7%）.Brain trauma（56.4%）and multiple injuries（33.7%）were the most common cause of death in traffic injuries.Conclusion：The epidemiological analysis of traffic injuries and the formulation of scientific preventive measures to improve the emergency systems and services and the strengthening of emergency trauma care training of professionals can improve the success rate of resuscitation.