2012年遵义市手足口病流行特征

目的分析遵义市2012年手足口病流行病学特征，探讨流行规律，为制定有效防控策略提供依据。方法从国家疾病监测信息管理系统中将遵义市2012年手足口病网络直报信息导出，用Excel软件进行统计，运用描述流行病学方法对资料进行分析。结果该市2012年共报告手足口病病例15843例，其中重症病例312例，死亡10例。发病率为257．92／10万，死亡率为0．16／10万。发病年龄以5岁以下为主，占病例总数的91．54％，男女发病比为1．68：1，差异有统计学意义（x^2=829．20，P〈0．01）。发病以5—7月为主（10922例），11和12月出现一次小高峰（2776例），分别占发病数的68．94％和17．93％。散居儿童和幼托儿童分别占72．18％和21．73％。检测咽拭子／肛拭子标本1904份，检出阳性1060份，阳性率为55．67％；其中其他肠道病毒占45．28％（480份），CoxA16占30．47％（323份），EV71占24．25％（257份）。结论2012年遵义市手足口病疫情、重症和死亡病例呈明显上升趋势，病原为EV71、CxoA16和其他肠道病毒混合流行。

Epidemiological characteristics of hand-foot.and-mouth disease in Zunyi City in 2012

[ Objective ] To analyze the epidemiological characteristics of hand-foot-and-mouth disease （ HFMD ）, explore the epi- demic law, and provide a basis for developing effective prevention and control strategies. [ Methods] The data of HFMD in Zunyi City in 2012 were collected from the National disease surveillance information management system, and were analyzed with descrip- tive epidemiological methods by Excel statistical software. [ Results] A total of 15 843 HFMD cases were reported in Zunyi City in 2012, including 312 severe cases and 10 death cases. The incidence rate was 257.92/lakh, and the mortality rate was 0.16/lakh. Most of cases were children under 5 years old, accounting for 91.54%. The male-to-female ratio was 1.68： 1, and the difference was significant （x^22 = 829.20, P 〈 0. 01 ）. The peak season occurred May to July （10 922 cases ）, and there was a small peak in November-December, which accounted for 68.94% and 17.93% of total cases respectively. Scattered children and kindergarten children accounted for 72.18% and 21.73% respectively. 1 904 throat/anus swab specimens were detected, and 1060 specimens were positive, with the positive rate of 55.67%. There were 480 specimens of other intestinal viruses （45.28%）, 323 specimens of CoxA16 （30.47%） and 257 specimens of EV71 {24.25% ）. [ Conclusion ] The epidemic situation, severe cases and death ca- ses of HFMD show a rising trend in Zunyi City in 2012, and the pathogens include EV71, CxoA16 and other intestinal viruses.