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Prediction of surface area size in orbital floor and medial orbital wall fractures based on topographical subregions
Authors:Carl-Peter Cornelius  Tobias Stiebler  Peter Mayer  Wenko Smolka  Christoph Kunz  Beat Hammer  Claude Jaquiéry C  Carlos Buitrago-Téllez  Christoph Sebastian Leiggener  Marc Christian Metzger  Frank Wilde  Laurent Audigé  Monika Probst  Edward Bradley Strong  Noemi Castelletti  Joachim Prein  Florian Andreas Probst
Affiliation:1. Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery and Facial Plastic Surgery, University Hospital, Munich, Germany;2. Clinic for Craniomaxillofacial and Oral Surgery, University Hospital, Basel, Switzerland;3. Craniofacial Center (CFC) Hirslanden Medical Center Aarau, Switzerland;4. Institute for Medical Radiology, IMR, Solothurner Hospitals AG, Switzerland;5. Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Kantonsspital Aarau, Switzerland;6. Department of Oral and Craniomaxillofacial Surgery, Center for Dental Medicine, University Medical Center Freiburg, Germany;7. Department of Oral and Plastic Maxillofacial Surgery, Armed Forces Hospital and University Hospital Ulm, Germany;8. Statistical Research and Development, Schulthess Clinic, Upper Extremities, Zürich, Switzerland;9. Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Neuroradiology, Medical School Munich, Klinikum Rechts der Isar, Technische Universität München, Munich, Germany;10. Department of Otolaryngology, University of California, Davis Medical Center, USA;11. Statistical Consulting Unit StaBLab, Department of Statistics, Ludwig-Maximilians-University, Munich, Germany;1. Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, CHU Conception, APHM, 147 bd Baille, 13005 Marseille, France;2. Aix-Marseille Univ, IFSTTAR, LBA UMR_T24, bd Pierre Dramard, 13916 Marseille, France;3. Aix-Marseille Univ, CNRS, EFS, ADES, bd Pierre Dramard, 13344 Marseille, France;4. Department of Maxillofacial Surgery and Facial Plastic Surgery, Lyon Sud Hospital, Hospices Civils de Lyon, 165, Chemin du Grand Revoyet, 69310 Pierre-Bénite, France;5. Claude Bernard Lyon 1 University, 43 Boulevard du 11 Novembre 1918, 69622 Villeurbanne, France;6. Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Hospital Dentistry Unit, University Hospital of Besançon, 3 Boulevard Alexandre Fleming, 25000 Besançon, France;7. University of Franche-Comté, INSERM, EFS BFC, UMR 1098, Interactions Hôte-Greffon-Tumeur, Ingénierie Cellulaire et Génique, 8 Rue du Docteur JFX Girod, F-25000 Besançon, France;8. Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, CHU Rouen, Hôpital Charles-Nicolle, 1 Rue de Germont, 76000 Rouen, France;9. Laboratoire d''anatomie UFR Santé de Rouen, Université Rouen Normandie, 22, Boulevard Gambetta, 76183 Rouen, France;10. Maxillo-Facial Surgery Department, Strasbourg University Hospital, 1, Avenue Molière, 67098 Strasbourg Cedex, France;11. University of Strasbourg, Faculty of Medicine, 8 Rue Kirschleger, 67000 Strasbourg, France;12. Laboratory of Engineering Science, Computer Science and Imaging, CNRS, ICUBE University of Strasbourg, 2 Rue Boussingault, 67000 Strasbourg, FMTS, France;1. Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, School of Dentistry, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Republic of Korea;2. Department of Dentistry, Graduate School, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Republic of Korea;1. Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Glueckstrasse 11, 91054, Erlangen, Germany;2. James Cook University Hospital, South Tees NHS Trust, Middlesbrough, UK;3. Department of Medical Informatics, Biometry and Epidemiology, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Waldstrasse 6, 91054, Erlangen, Germany;4. Department of Radiology, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Krankenhausstrasse 12, 91054, Erlangen, Germany;5. Practice for Oral, Maxillofacial and Plastic Surgery, Fürther Straße 4a, 90429, Nürnberg, Germany;1. Medizinische Hochschule Hannover, Mund-, Kiefer- und Gesichtschirurgie, Carl-Neubergstr. 1, 30625, Hannover, Germany;2. University of Texas Health Science Center, Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, 7703 Floyd Curl Dr., San Antonio, TX, 78229, USA;3. 12 de Octubre University Hospital, Cirurgia Maxillofacial, Av. De Cordoba s/n, 28041, Madrid, Spain;4. Bundeswehrkrankenhauses Ulm, Department of Oral, Maxillofacial and Plastic Facial Surgery, Oberer Eselsberg 40, 89081, Ulm, Germany;5. Johns Hopkins Hospital, Wilmer Eye Institute, 600 North Wolfe Street, Baltimore, MD, 21287, USA;6. Klinikum der LMU Muenchen, Klinik und Poliklinik für Mund-, Kiefer- und Gesichtschirurgie, Lindwurmstr. 2a, 80337, München, Germany;7. University of California Davis, Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, 2521 Stockton Blvd., Suite 7200, Sacramento, 95817, CA, USA;8. National University Hospital, Division of Plastic Surgery, Lower Kent Ridge Road, 119074, Singapore, Singapore;9. Albert-Ludwigs-Universität, Mund-, Kiefer- und Gesichtschirurgie, Hugstetter Straße 55, 79106, Freiburg i.Br., Germany;10. Medizinische Universitätsklinik Innsbruck, Universitätsklinik für Mund-, Kiefer- und Gesichtschirurgie, Zahn-, Mund- und Kieferheilkunde, Anichstrasse 35, 6020, Innsbruck, Austria;1. Center for Bionics, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, Seoul, Republic of Korea;2. Division of Bio-Medical Science & Technology, KIST School, Korea University of Science and Technology, Seoul, Republic of Korea;3. Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Asan Medical Center, Seoul, Republic of Korea;4. Biomedical Engineering Research Center, Asan Medical Center, Seoul, Republic of Korea
Abstract:
ObjectiveThis retrospective study evaluates the occurrence and frequency of different fracture patterns in a series of computed tomography (CT) scans in terms of the AOCMF Trauma Classification (TC) orbit module and correlates the assigned defects with measurements of the fracture area in order to get an approximate guideline for fracture size predictions on the basis of the classification.Material and methodsCT scans of patients with orbital floor fractures were evaluated using the AOCMFTC to determine the topographical subregions. The coding consisted of: W = orbital wall, 1 = anterior orbit, 2 = midorbit, i = inferior, m = medial. The 3-dimensional surface area size of the fractures was quantified by the “defect body” method (Brainlab, Munich, Germany). The fracture area size and its confidence and prediction interval within each topographical subregion was estimated by regression analysis.ResultsA total of 137 CT scans exhibited 145 orbital floor fractures, which were combined with 34 medial orbital wall fractures in 31 patients. The floor fractures – W1(i)2(i) (n = 86) and W1(i) (n = 19) were the most frequent patterns. Combined floor and medial wall fractures most frequently corresponded to the pattern W1 (im)2 (im) (n = 15) ahead of W1 (im) 2(i) (n = 10). The surface area size ranged from 0.11 cm2 to 6.09 cm2 for orbital floor and from 0.29 cm2 to 5.43 cm2 for medial wall fractures.The prediction values of the mean fracture area size within the subregions were computed as follows: W1(i) = 2.25 cm2, W2(i) = 1.64 cm2, W1(i)2(i) = 3.10 cm2, W1(m) = 1.36 cm2, W2(m) = 1.65 cm2, W1(m)2(m) = 2.98 cm2, W1 (im) = 3.35 cm2, W1 (im) 2(i) = 4.63 cm2, W1 (im)2(m) = 4.06 cm2 and W1 (im)2 (im) = 7.16 cm2.ConclusionThe AOCMFTC orbital module offers a suitable framework for topographical allocation of fracture patterns inside the infero-medial orbital cavity. The involvement of the subregions is of predictive value providing estimations of the mean 3-D fracture area size.
Keywords:Orbital wall fractures  Surface area size  AO CMF Trauma classification
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