CDK2基因沉默联合达卡巴嗪对B16-F1黑素瘤的生长抑制作用

目的 探讨CDK2基因沉默后对达卡巴嗪(DTIC)治疗B16-F1黑素瘤抑瘤效应的影响.方法 实验设对照组、CDK2-shRNA组、DTIC组、CDK2-shRNA+ DTIC组,MTT法检测各组细胞生长抑制情况,计算药物相互作用指数(CDI值),AnnexinV-FITC/PI双染法检测细胞凋亡情况.建立C57 BL/6小鼠B16-F1细胞移植瘤模型,分组实验,持续观察18d,绘制肿瘤生长曲线,计算肿瘤生长抑制率,TUNEL检测肿瘤组织细胞凋亡情况.结果 与对照组相比,CDK2-shRNA组、DTIC组、CDK2-shRNA+ DTIC组在72h的细胞相对存活率分别为(40.6±2.8)％、(45.2±3.7)％、(28.7±2.1)％,细胞凋亡率分别为(25.1±3.3)％、(15.6±2.2)％和(45.6±3.5)％,细胞相对存活率显著降低(F=458.04,P＜ 0.05)而细胞凋亡率显著升高(F=115.46,P＜0.05),其中CDK2-shRNA+ DTIC组比DTIC组的细胞相对存活率显著降低(P＜0.01),而细胞凋亡率显著升高(P＜0.01);两药相互作用指数(CDI值)＜0.7.治疗第6天,对照组、CDK2-shRNA组、DTIC组及CDK2-shRNA+ DTIC组的肿瘤体积分别为(185.44±68.97) mm3、(83.91±14.33)mm3、(123.70±20.85) mm3、(34.54±10.72) mm3.从治疗的第6天开始,与对照组相比,CDK2-shRNA组、DTIC组及CDK2-shRNA+ DTIC组的肿瘤生长速度明显降低(F=11.819,P＜0.05),而CDK2-shRNA+ DTIC组的肿瘤生长速度明显低于DTIC组(P=0.04);与对照组相比,CDK2-shRNA组、DTIC组、CDK2-shRNA+ DTIC组的肿瘤生长抑制率分别为52.2％、41.2％、86.4％,组织细胞凋亡指数分别为(32.93±3.72)％、(21.62±3.54)％、(63.29±4.74)％,组织细胞凋亡指数显著升高(F=222.25,P＜0.05),其中CDK2-shRNA+ DTIC组的组织细胞凋亡指数显著高于DTIC组(P＜0.01).结论 沉默CDK2基因的表达可以增加DTIC对黑素瘤的生长抑制作用,二者体外有协同效应,通过增加肿瘤细胞的凋亡是其机制之一.

Inhibitory effect of CDK2 gene silencing combined with dacarbazine on the growth of B16-F1 melanoma

Objective To evaluate the antitumor effect of dacarbazine (DTIC) on B16-F1 melanoma after CDK2 gene silencing.Methods Cultured B16-F1 melanoma cells were divided into 4 groups:control group receiving no treatment,CDK2-shRNA group infected with a recombinant lentivirus pUL-CDK2-shRNA,DTIC group cultured in 96-well plates followed 12 hours later by the treatment with 250 μmol/L DTIC,CDK2-shRNA + DTIC group infected with pUL-CDK2-shRNA followed 12 hours later by the treatment with 250 μmol/L DTIC.MTT assay was performed to evaluate the growth inhibition of B16-F1 melanoma cells,and coefficient of drug interaction (CDI) was calculated.AnnexinV-FITC/PI double staining was conducted to detect cell apoptosis.C57BL/6 mice were subcutaneously injected with B16-F1 cells at exponential growth phase into the right groin to establish melanoma-bearing mouse models.Twenty mouse models were randomly and equally divided into 4 groups:control mouse group injected with phosphate-buffered solution (PBS) into tumors,CDK2-shRNA mouse group injected with pUL-CDK2-shRNA into tumors,DTIC mouse group injected with DTIC into the abdominal cavity,and CDK2-shRNA + DTIC mouse group treated with pUL-CDK2-shRNA and DTIC.The animal experiment lasted 18 days,and the tumor growth curve was drawn.After 18-day treatment,all the mice were sacrificed,and tumors were isolated and weighed.The tumor growth inhibition rate was calculated,and the tumor cell apoptosis was detected by terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase-mediated dUTP nick-end-labeling (TUNEL).Results After 72-hour culture,compared with the control group,the CDK2-shRNA group,DTIC group,and CDK2-shRNA + DTIC group showed significantly decreased relative cell survival rates (40.6％ ± 2.8％,45.2％ ± 3.7％,28.7％ ± 2.1％,respectively;F =458.04,P ＜ 0.05),but significantly increased cell apoptosis rates (25.1％ ± 3.3％,15.6％ ± 2.2％,45.6％ ± 3.5％,respectively;F =115.46,P ＜ 0.05).Additionally,CDK2-shRNA + DTIC group showed significantly lower relative cell survival rates (P ＜ 0.01),but higher cell apoptosis rates (P ＜ 0.01) compared with the DTIC group.The CDI value was less than 0.7.On the sixth day after the in vivo treatment,the tumor volumes in the control mouse group,CDK2-shRNA mouse group,DTIC mouse group,and CDK2-shRNA + DTIC mouse group were (185.44 ± 68.97) mm3,(83.91 ± 14.33) mm3,(123.70 ± 20.85) mm3,and (34.54 ± 10.72) mm3 respectively.From then on,the CDK2-shRNA mouse group,DTIC mouse group,and CDK2-shRNA + DTIC mouse group showed significantly decreased tumor growth rates compared with the control mouse group (F =11.819,P ＜ 0.05),and the tumor growth rate was significantly lower in the CDK2-shRNA + DTIC mouse group than in the DTIC mouse group (P =0.04).The calculated tumor growth inhibition rates in the CDK2-shRNA mouse group,DTIC mouse group and CDK2-shRNA + DTIC mouse group were 52.2％,41.2％ and 86.4％ respectively.Compared with the control mouse group,the CDK2-shRNA mouse group,DTIC mouse group,and CDK2-shRNA + DTIC mouse group showed significantly increased tumor cell apoptosis indice (32.93％ ± 3.72％,21.62％ ± 3.54％,63.29％ ± 4.74％ respectively;F =222.25,P ＜ 0.05).Moreover,the tumor cell apoptosis index was significantly higher in the CDK2-shRNA + DTIC mouse group than in the DTIC mouse group (P ＜ 0.01).Conclusion CDK2 gene silencing can enhance the inhibitory effect of DTIC on the growth of melanoma,and show a synergistic effect with DTIC,likely by increasing the apoptosis of tumor cells.