慢性病流行现状与基层防治对策

  目的  了解宁夏地区农村慢性病患者健康相关生命质量及其影响因素，为农村地区慢性病管理及预防控制提供参考依据。  方法  于2019年2月采用分层随机整群抽样方法在宁夏彭阳和盐池2个县抽取3267户农村居民进行问卷调查，分析其中年龄 ≥ 15岁且患有 ≥ 1种慢性病的2700例慢性病患者的健康相关生命质量及其影响因素。  结果  宁夏地区2700例农村慢性病患者中，存在自觉疼痛/不适问题1146例（42.4 %），存在焦虑/沮丧问题677例（25.1 %），存在行动能力问题664例（24.6 %），存在日常活动能力问题618例（22.9 %），存在自我照顾能力问题369例（13.7 %）；宁夏地区农村慢性病患者的健康效用值为（0.93 ± 0.12）；Tobit回归模型分析结果显示，女性健康效用值低于男性，年龄51～60岁、61～70岁和 > 70岁者健康效用值均低于年龄 < 50岁者，小学文化程度者健康效用值高于未上过学者。  结论  宁夏地区农村慢性病患者的健康相关生命质量较差，性别、年龄和文化程度是该地区农村慢性病患者健康效用值的主要影响因素。

Chinese time trade-off values for EQ-5D health states

  Objective   To examine health-related quality of life (HRQOL) and its influencing factors among chronic disease patients in rural areas of Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region (Ningxia) and to provide references for the prevention, control, and management of chronic diseases in the population.   Methods  Totally 3 267 rural households were recruited in 2 counties of Ningxia with stratified random cluster sampling and a questionnaire survey was conducted among family members of the selected households in February 2019. Then from all the family members, we identified 2 700 chronic disease patients aged ≥15 years and the HRQOL of the patients were evaluated using Euro – Quality of Life – 5 Dimension (EQ-5D).   Results   Of the 2 700 patients, 42.4% (1 146) reported pain/discomfort; 25.1% (677) reported anxiety/depression; and 24.6% (664), 22.9% (618), and 13.7% (369) reported problems in mobility, usual activities, and self-care, respectively. The health utility value for all the patients was 0.93 ± 0.12. The results of Tobit regression model analysis demonstrated that the patients with following characteristics were more likely to have a lower health utility value: being female, at ages of 51 – 60/61 – 70/ > 70 years compared to those aged ≤ 50 years, and without formal education in comparison with those with formal education.   Conclusion   The health-related quality of life is poor and the health utility value is mainly influenced by gender, age and education among chronic disease patients in rural regions of Ningxia.