应用于mRNA疫苗的非病毒载体递送系统研究进展

核酸疫苗相较传统疫苗，能诱导更加全面、持久的免疫应答反应，且易于快速生产。其中，mRNA疫苗抗原设计精确，耐受性良好，免疫应答强烈，表达机制比DNA疫苗更为安全和简单，具有十分广泛的应用前景。然而，mRNA疫苗稳定性较差，且难以穿过细胞膜，设计能够保护mRNA疫苗并将其运送到靶细胞发挥作用的递送系统至关重要。综述目前应用于mRNA疫苗体内递送的脂质、聚合物、肽类及其他非病毒载体和（或）递送系统的特点及研究现状，并对其研究前景进行展望。

Research Progress of Non-viral Vector Delivery System for mRNA Vaccine

Compared with traditional vaccines, nucleic acid vaccines can induce a more comprehensive and durable immune response, and are manufactured more quickly. Among them, mRNA vaccines can be precisely designed, with good tolerance and strong immune response. In comparison with DNA vaccines, the expression mechanism of mRNA vaccines is safer and simpler, showing great potential of broad application. However, since mRNA vaccines are unstable and can't easily penetrate cell membranes, it is critical to design delivery systems that can protect mRNA vaccines and deliver them to target cells. In this review, we highlight the features and research progress of lipids, polymers, peptides and other non-viral vectors and (or) delivery systems used for in vivo delivery of mRNA vaccines, and also give an outlook on the research prospect of mRNA vaccines.