中鼻道及其周围结构的解剖学观测

目的　探讨临床上经上颌窦口进入上颌窦诊疗的途径。方法　在 40例成人尸体颅矢状切面上 ,对中鼻道、半月裂孔、上颌窦口及其周围结构进行解剖学观测及上颌窦口的探针插入试验。结果　中鼻道、半月裂孔的长度分别为5 6.3 6± 2 .5 8mm、2 1.46± 1.79mm ;40例中 ,2 8侧 (70 .0 0 % )的上颌窦口位于半月裂孔的中 1/3部 ;12侧 (3 0 .0 0 % )的上颌窦口位于半月裂孔的后 1/3部。上颌窦口的形态不一。上颌窦口的前后径为 3 .14± 0 .47mm。上颌窦口距鼻腔底部、鼻小柱的距离分别为 3 0 .41± 2 .85mm、49.5 2± 2 .3 7mm。鼻小柱到上颌窦口与到鼻腔基底面连线的夹角为 40 .2± 3 .7°。 3 7侧 (92 .5 0 % )的上颌窦口能用直径≤ 2 .5mm的探针穿过。结论　经上颌窦自然开口行上颌窦口穿刺是安全、简便和有效的一种诊治方法。

Anatomical investigation for middle nasal meatus and its neighboring structure

Objective To study the feasibility of inserting the nasal probe into maxillary sinus through the ostium of maxillary sinus for treatment.Methods The middle nasal meatus, semilunar hiatus, ostium of maxillary sinus and the neighboring structure in 40 samples of adult cadaveric cranial sagittal planes were anatomically observed. The nasal probe inserting into the maxillary sinus ostium test was also undertaken. Results The lengths of middle nasal meatus and semilunar hiatus are 56.36±2.58mm and 21.46±1.79mm, respectively. Of 40 samples, 28 (70.00%) and 12 (30.00%) of the maxillary sinus ostiums locates in middle 1/3 section and poster 1/3 section of the semilunar hiatus, respectively. The maxillary sinus ostiums have different shapes. The anteroposterior diameter of maxillary sinus ostium is 3.14±0.47mm. The distance between the maxillary sinus ostium and the bottom of nasal cavity, the columella nasi is 30.41±2.85mm, 49.52±2.37mm, respectively. The angle between the line from the columella nasi to the maxillary sinus ostium and the line from the columella nasi to the basement of the nasal cavity was 40.2±3.7°. 37 (92.50%) of the 40 samples can be passed through by a nasal probe with diameter ≤ 2.5mm. Conclusion Inserting the nasal probe into maxillary sinus ostium through maxillary sinus natural ostium is safe, simple and effective.