The impact of nutritional support on appetite and food intake |
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| Affiliation: | 1. Department of Inflammatory Bowel Disease, Hyogo College of Medicine, 1-1, Mukogawacho, Nishinomiya, Japan;2. Department of Surgery, Surgical Oncology & Science, Sapporo Medical University, Sapporo, Japan;3. Department of Infectious Diseases, Hiroshima University Hospital, Hiroshima, Japan;4. Department of Surgery, Takatsuki General Hospital, Osaka, Japan;5. Department of Surgery, Osaka Rosai Hospital, Osaka, Japan;6. Department of Surgery, Mie Prefectural General Medical Center, Yokkaichi, Japan;7. Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, Fujita Health University School of Medicine, Toyoake, Japan;8. Department of Infection Control, National Center for Geriatrics and Gerontology, Obu, Japan;9. Division of Infection Control and Prevention, University of Occupational and Environmental Health, Fukuoka, Japan;10. Department of Anesthesiology and Resuscitology, Okayama University Hospital, Okayama, Japan;11. Kitasato University School of Pharmacy, Tokyo, Japan;12. Infection Control Manager, QI Center, St. Luke’s International University, Tokyo, Japan;13. Hemodialysis and Surgery, International University of Health and Welfare Ichikawa Hospital, Ichikawa, Japan;14. Department of Emergency Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Occupational and Environmental Health, Fukuoka, Japan;15. Department of Surgery, JR Sapporo Hospital, Sapporo, Japan |
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| Abstract: | Artificial nutrition (enteral tube feeding and parenteral nutrition) is increasingly being used in hospital and community settings to provide short- and long-term nutritional support to a diverse range of patients with acute and chronic conditions. Despite these methods of feeding being used either in cojunction with diet, or as a sole source of nutrition, the issue of their satiating ability has previously been largely overlooked. The consensus that emerges from this review is that nutrients provided by enteral tube feeding or parenteral nutrition are not as effective as orally ingested nutrients at relieving appetite sensations or suppressing food intake. When artificial nutritional support is used as the sole source of nutrition, distressing appetite sensations may occur, even if full nutrient requirements are met by enteral tube or parenteral feeding. When used as a supplement to ad libitum food intake, enteral tube feeding and parenteral nutrition only partially suppress oral intake, and total energy intake is increased. The mechanisms responsible for the poorer satiating ability of artificial feeding methods, relative to food intake, are not clearly understood, but the bypassing of the upper gastrointestinal tract and associated cephalic phase response by these methods of nutrient delivery may be important. |
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