浦东新区居住小区分质供水现状及其水质控制措施研究

目的掌握我区居住小区分质供水的管理现状及其水质状况，调查可能对水质造成影响的各种因素，研究控制措施，为有关部门制订相应的标准进行有效监管提供科学依据。方法于2005--2006年间夏季、秋季和冬季分三次对全区12个分质供水居住小区进行调查和采样。结果调查的12个居住小区的分质供水项目，其功能布局、卫生设施、水处理流程以及卫生管理方面都或多或少存在着问题。统计表明：分质供水水质受到了二次污染，而分质供水实际使用率和回水返流位置是影响分质供水水质的重要因素。结论文章对分质供水场地要求、管理规范进行了探讨，并提出应尽快制订和出台管道分质供水的卫生规范和嘈理要求，规范和约束对分质供水的建设和管理行为，使卫生行政部门对其的监管能有据可依。同时文章还提出在水处理工艺流程设计上管网回水须返流入中间水箱，同时在铺设供水管道时在立管和入户管间增设阀门开关，对未开通使用分质供水的住户和空置房关闭阀门，减少管网盲端“死水”；并建议设置备用成品水箱，且成品水箱的蓄水量不宜过大，要充分考虑小区入住率及入住用户分质供水使用率，减少水在储水设备中停留的时间等。

Study on the current situation of direct drinking water supply and the measurements for water quality control in the communities of new Pudong district

Objective：In order to find out the current administration situation of duct water supply, the water quality, the possible factors that can influence the water quality and the controlling measures, to provide scientific basis for related agency to develop standards for effective inspection, we conducted this research. Methods：From 2005 to 2006, we interviewed and sampled 12 duct water supply communities in summer, autumn and winter. Results： The results indicated that there were more or less problems existing in the water supply items, function distribution, hygiene facilities, water disposal procedures and health management in the 12 communities. Conclusion：By doing the research on the requirement of water supply sites and the management criterion, the authors suggested that the health criterion and management requirement should be developed as soon as possible, so as to provide basis for the health inspection. At the same time, the authors also suggested that in the water disposal procedures, duct water should flow back to the middle tank, and by the moment of laying out ducts, the valve should be installed between the vertical pipes and the pipes to the users, and the pipe should be turned off for the families that do not use duct water so as to cut down backwater. The measures such as setting up proper size spare tank, considering the resident rate of the communityand the duct water using rate of the resident, and reducing the water settling time in the water storage facilities were also suggested.