慢性阻塞性肺疾病的全身效应

 慢性阻塞性肺疾病（Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease，COPD）是一种常见病、多发病，其典型表现为气流受限和气道重塑，导致肺的结构与功能的改变。由于COPD的患者多种炎症介质的激活使患者处于系统性炎症状态，使得COPD不仅仅是呼吸系统的疾病，同时还包含许多肺外表现，即全身效应。常见的全身性表现包括：骨骼肌萎缩、恶液质、骨质疏松；而慢性炎症使COPD的患者缺血性心脏病、肺动脉高压、糖尿病等疾病的患病率大大增加。

Systemic effects of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease

Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease(COPD)is a common disease characterized by airflow limitation and airway remodeling,thus worsening the structure and function of the lung.COPD is not only implicated in the lung,but also involved in some other extrapulumonary effects through the systemic inflammation caused by the activation of inflammation mediators.The most common systemic effects are: skeletal muscle wasting,cachexia,osteoporosis,etc.And the prevalences of ischemic heart disease,pulmonary hypertension...