野桐属植物化学成分及其药理活性研究进展

野桐属Mallotus Lour.植物隶属于大戟科(Euphorbiaceae),全世界约140种,主要分布于亚洲热带和亚热带地区。我国有25种,11变种,主产于南部各省区,该属中多种植物作为传统药物加以应用,其化学成分主要是二萜、三萜、多酚、鞣质等,除此还有单萜、苯并吡喃、香豆素并木脂素、二芳基庚烷、黄酮、生物碱及香豆素等,具有抗动脉粥样硬化、利胆、保肝、抗氧化、镇痛、提高免疫力、增强记忆力等多种活性。综述了近25年来,国内外对野桐属植物化学成分和药理活性的研究进展,以期为野桐属植物的深入研究与开发利用提供参考。

Research progress on chemical constituents of plants from Mallotus Lour. and their pharmacological activities

The genus Mallotus Lour. (Euphorbiaceae) consists of 140 species distributed in tropical and subtropical regines of Asia, 25 species and 11 varieties of which can be found in southern of China. Some species of the genus have been used in traditional medicine. Phytochemical studies on the plants in the genus have demonstrated the presence of large number of diterpenoids, triterpenoids, polyphenols, and tannins, along with some monoterpene, benzopyran, coumarin-lignin, diaryl heptane, flavonoids, alkaloids, coumarin, etc. Furthermore, many pharmacological activities of the plants in the genus, such as anti-atherosclerosis, choleretic, hepatoprotective, antioxidant, analgesic, immunity improvement, and memory enhancing activities have been reported. In this article, new development of constituents and biological activities of plants in Mallotus Lour. since 1988 were reviewed and summarized for providing a reference for the further study, exploitation, and utilization of this resource.