Ⅲ型Pilon骨折关节面及肢体力线修复重建

目的总结Ⅲ型Pilon骨折关节面及肢体力线修复重建的手术方法及经验。方法 2005年8月-2010年8月,收治31例伴腓骨远端骨折的闭合性Pilon骨折(Rüedi-Allg wer分型Ⅲ型)。男25例,女6例;年龄16～60岁,平均36.8岁。致伤原因:高处坠落伤18例,交通事故伤10例,其他伤3例。受伤至手术时间为6～14 d,平均10 d。术中应用临时外固定支架调整和维持肢体长度及力线,应用前内侧及后外侧双入路显露和修复关节面,再进行植骨并固定骨折。结果术后无大面积皮瓣坏死及深部感染发生,2例切口皮肤浅表感染,2例切口边缘部分坏死,经理疗及局部换药后愈合。31例均获随访,随访时间9～79个月,平均26个月。术后根据Burwell等放射学评价标准,达解剖复位25例(80.6%),可4例(12.9%),差2例(6.5%)。X线片示骨折均骨性愈合,愈合时间为12～25周,平均16周。根据Mazur等踝关节症状和功能评分系统,踝关节功能获优11例,良13例,可5例,差2例,优良率77.4%。结论关节面良好显露及固定和肢体力线准确调整及维持是Ⅲ型Pilon骨折手术成功的关键。

REDINTEGRATION OF ARTICULAR SURFACE AND ALIGNMENT WITH TIBIA TYPE Ⅲ Pilon FRACTURE

Objective To explore an improved method of surgical operation for redintegration of the articular surface and alignment with type Ⅲ Pilon fractures. Methods Between August 2005 and August 2010, 31 patiens with closed type III Pilon fracture (Rüedi-Allg wer type Ⅲ) were treated. There were 25 males and 6 females, aged 36.8 years on average (range, 16-60 years). The injury was caused by falling from height in 18 patients, by traffic accident in 10 patients, and by other reasons in 3 patients. The average time between injury and operation was 10 days (range, 6-14 days). Temporary external fixation was used for adjustment and maintenance of limb length and power lines; application of fibular flip combined with anteromedial approach was used for the repair of articular surface; and bone grafting and fixation were performed. Results No extensive necrosis or deep infection were observed. Superficial skin infection of incision and wound edge necrosis occurred in 2 cases respectively, and were cured after dressing change. All patients were followed up 26 months on average (range, 9-79 months). According to the Burwell et al. judging standards of radiology evaluating, the anatomical reduction was found in 25 cases (80.6%), satisfactory reduction in 4 cases (12.9%), and unsatisfactory reduction in 2 cases (6.5%). The X-ray films showed bony healing was achieved in all cases with an average fracture healing time of 16 weeks (range, 12-25 weeks). According to the Mazur et al. criterion for ankle joint function, excellent result was obtained in 11 cases, good in 13, fair in 5, and poor in 2; the excellent and good rate was 77.4%. Conclusion Good exposure and fixation of articular surface or accurate adjustments and maintenance of the limb alignment are key factors of successful operation to treat type Ⅲ Pilon fractures.