我院132例药品不良反应报告分析

目的 了解药品不良反应发生的特点、规律及其相关因素,为临床合理用药提供参考.方法 收集医院2008年10月至2011年1月上报的132例药品不良反应,分别从报告人职业分布,患者性别、年龄分布,药品不良反应涉及的器官或系统,引起药品不良反应药品类别分布,可疑抗感染药物分布及药品不良反应转归等方面进行统计分析.结果 132例报告中,女性发生率略高于男性;70岁以上老年人发生率(28.79%)明显高于其他年龄段患者;药品不良反应损害以全身性损害、皮肤及其附件损害和胃肠系统损害占较大比例;给药途径以静脉滴注(68.94%)和口服给药(28.03%)为主;抗感染药物和中成药引发的药品不良反应多.抗感染药物中氨基苷类、林可霉素类、喹诺酮类、头孢菌素类药物的药品不良反应发生频率较高,居前3住的药物为依替米星、克林霉素、头孢唑林钠;新的及严重的药品不良反应占16.67%.结论 药品不良反应监测和报告工作是医院药学工作的重要内容,需要医、护、药、管各类人员共同努力,以确保临床用药安全.

Analysis on 132 Cases of ADR Reports in our Hospital

Objective To investigate the characteristics,rules and the related factors of adverse drug reactions（ADR） occurred in our hospital in order to improve the rational drug use in clinic.Methods A total of 132 cases of ADR reports were collected in our hospital from October 2008 to January 2011 and performed the statistical analysis in terms of ADR reporting sources,gender and age distribution of patients,dosage forms of the drugs and routes of administration,categories of ADR-inducing drugs and distribution of ADR outcomes,etc.Results Among 132 cases of ADR,the incidence rate in females was slightly higher than that in males.The incidence rates in the patients over 70 years old（28.79%） were significantly higher than those in the patients of other ages.Lesions of skin and its appendants were the main clinical manifestations.Intravenous drip administration accounted for 68.94%and oral administration accounted for 28.03%.Most of ADRs were caused by anti-infective drugs and the traditional Chinese medicines.Of all the anti-infective drugs,the rates of ADRs induced by aminoglycosides,lincomycin,quinolones,cephalosporins ranked the top 3.Top drugs in terms of the incidence rate of ADRs were etimicin,clidamycin,cefazolin and lomefloxacin.New and severe ADR accounted for 16.67%.Conclusion Monitoring and reporting of ADRs are the important part of hospital pharmaceutical work,which needs doctors,nurses,pharmacists and administrative staffs make joint efforts to ensure medication safety in clinic.