异种异体和同种异体半月板移植修复兔膝关节半月板缺失的预后研究

目的:研究同种异体半月板和异种异体半月板移植后,移植物在关节内的转归和移植物对关节软骨的保护作用.方法:切除30只成年新西兰白兔的内侧半月板造成内侧半月板缺失的模型,并将新西兰兔分为A组和B组.A组进行同种异体内侧半月板移植.B组从猪半月板取小块半月板组织,修剪成同兔内侧半月板形态和尺寸相同的异种异体半月板植入物,进行兔内侧半月板的异种异体移植.在术后第6周、第12周、第24周时宰杀动物,观察移植半月板、内侧胫骨平台软骨、股骨内髁负重区软骨和股骨滑车软骨的大体形态学改变和组织病理学改变.结果:同种异体半月板移植后,半月板在关节内的形态良好,与关节囊周围愈合良好,移植24周后,可见关节软骨损伤不明显.异种异体半月板移植后短期半月板和关节软骨情况良好,24周后移植物部分被吸收,关节软骨也出现退变和损伤.结论:用猪的半月板组织塑形后移植替代兔内侧半月板组织,术后24周移植物被溶解吸收,并开始出现关节软骨退变.同种异体内侧半月板移植后,半月板的结构和功能重建良好,而且对关节软骨起到了良好的保护作用.

A Prognosis Study on Xenogenic and Allogenic Meniscus Transplantation for Meniscus Deficiency Repair in Rabbit''''s Knee

Objective To study the prognosis of the implanted xenogenic and allogenic menisci, and the implanted menisci's protection effects on articular cartilage. Methods 30 adult New Zealand white rabbits were divided equally into two groups and the medial meniscus defection models were established by medial meniscectomy. Allogenic medial menisci implantation were done in group A. Small pieces of menisci tissue were taken from pig meniscus and moulded them as the same shape and size as rabbit's medial menisci,then, xenogenic menisci implantation were done in group B with these moulded grafts. 6, 12 and 24 weeks after the operations, rabbits were sacrificed to observe the implanted menisci and the articular cartilage on medial tibial plateau, medial femoral condylus and femoral trochlea with naked eye and histological method. Results After allogenic meniscus transplantation, the state of implanted meniscus was good, and healed well around the capsula. 24 weeks post allogenic meniscus transplantation, the injury of the articular cartilage was not in evidence. In short time post xenogenic meniscus transplantation, the state of meniscus and cartilage was good and after 24 weeks the xenogenic meniscus was dissolved and absorbed, the articular cartilage also showed degeneration and injury. Conclusion With xenogenic meniscus moulded from pig meniscus tissue,the implanted meniscus was resolved and absorbed and the cartilage degeneration also appeared after half a year. Post allogenic meniscus transplantation, the meniscus structure and function were reconstructed well and the articular cartilage was also well protected.