4～6年级农村留守儿童心理健康状况及其影响因素研究

目的探讨徐州市农村留守儿童的心理健康状况及其影响因素,为家庭、学校和社会对留守儿童的教育提供参考依据。方法采用分层与整群相结合的随机抽样方法,对江苏省徐州市农村地区6所小学的1 115名留守儿童进行问卷调查。结果不同性别的留守儿童在学习焦虑、对人焦虑、自责倾向、恐怖倾向和总焦虑倾向得分间差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);父母是否在本地打工的留守儿童在对人焦虑和冲动倾向得分间差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);与父母见面时间长短不同的留守儿童在自责倾向和身体症状得分间差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。父亲的文化程度与学习焦虑、对人焦虑、孤独倾向、过敏倾向、身体症状、恐怖倾向和总焦虑倾向得分之间呈负相关;母亲的文化程度与身体症状、恐怖倾向和总焦虑倾向得分间呈负相关;照顾人的文化程度与身体症状、恐怖倾向、总焦虑倾向得分间呈负相关。结论女性、父母和照顾人文化程度偏低及与父母见面时间间隔长的农村留守儿童心理健康状况偏差。

Mental Health Status of Left-behind Children at 4-6 Grades of Primary Schools in Rural Area and Its Influencing Factors

Objective To explore the mental health status of left-behind children who were at 4 ~ 6 grades of primary schools in rural areas of Xuzhou city and the influencing factors,in order to provide reference evidence for education of left-behind children.Methods The cluster stratified sampling was taken to choose 1 115 pupils,left-behind children,at 4 to 6 grades of 6 primary schools in rural areas of Xuzhou city,Jiangsu province.Questionnaire survey was conducted among the subjects.Results There were significant differences in scores of study anxiety,interpersonal anxiety,self-blame tendency,phobic symptom and total anxiety tendency between male and female left-behind children(P<0.05).There were significant differences in scores of interpersonal anxiety and impulsion tendency between children whose parents were working at local areas and those whose parents were not(P<0.05).In scores of self-blame tendency and physical symptom,significant differences were found between the children who had been in a longer period of time with their parents and those who had not(P<0.05).The fathers′ educational levels were negatively correlated with their children′s scores of study anxiety,interpersonal anxiety,loneliness tendency,hyper-susceptibility tendency,physical symptom,phobic symptom and total anxiety tendency.The mothers′ educational levels were negatively correlated with their children′s scores of physical symptom,phobic symptom and total anxiety tendency.And the caregivers′ educational levels were negatively correlated with their children′s scores of physical symptom,phobic symptom,and general anxiety tendency.Conclusion The mental health status is worse for the left-behind children in rural area who are female,whose parents or caregivers are of lower educational level,or who fail to meet their parents longer.