Production of a monoclonal antibody,DF-5, that identifies cells at the epithelial-mesenchymal interface in normal human skin. APN/CD13 is an epithelial-mesenchymal marker in skin

Epithelial-mesenchymal interactions play a critical role in skin development and differentiation, and similar interactions may also regulate the day-to-day proliferation and differentiation events of the epidermis that occur in normal adult skin. This study was directed at identifying molecules that are selectively located at the dermal-epidermal junction in normal adult skin as they may be involved in regulating these homeostatic events. To this end, monoclonal antibodies were raised against the crude cell membrane fraction of cultured human dermal fibroblasts. Screening of antibodies that recognized cell surface antigen on cultured human dermal fibroblasts was followed by determining which of these antibodies selectively localized cells at sites of epithelial-mesenchymal interactions. Antibody DF-5 fit these criteria and was further characterized. This antibody was found to recognize the cell surface ectopeptidase aminopeptidase N (APN), a molecule homologous to the cluster differentiation antigen CD13. Antibody DF-5 and anti-CD13 antibodies both identified cells at sites of epithelial-mesenchymal interactions in fetal, neonatal, and adult human skin, and the APN/CD13 enzyme activity was also identified at these sites. A second ectopeptidase, dipeptidyl peptidase IV (DPPIV) or CD26, presented a significantly different immunohistochemical and histochemical pattern in skin samples, confirming the specificity of the APN/CD13 studies. The function of APN/CD13 in skin has yet to be determined. Its invariant localization at sites of epithelial-mesenchymal interactions argues for a role particular to this region. It may play a role in regulating the activity of neuropeptides or other signaling peptides that are released in this region of skin or it may have an as yet undefined role in mediating communication between dermal and epidermal cells.