2004年广州市城乡中小学生生长发育状况分析

目的 探讨广州市中小学生生长发育状况和规律。方法 按照《全国学生体质健康监测网络工作实施方案》，选取广州市城市和乡村共12所中小学作为监测点校，随机整群抽取7～18岁（12个年龄组）学生共5760名，测量身高、体质量、胸围三项形态指标，并进行分析。结果 广州市7～18岁城乡男女学生身高、体质量和胸围随年龄增加不断增长。城乡比较：各年龄组城市学生的三项形态指标均高于同年龄同性别乡村学生。性别比较：总体上看，三项形态指标都是男生超过女生，在生长发育突增年龄，女生10岁时其身高高于男生0.76cm；乡村女生在10岁和11岁时身高分别比男生高0.53cm和2.06cm，体质量也在11岁时超过男生1.02kg。与2002年结果比较，两年间，城市男生平均身高增加了0.36cm，体质量增加了0.09kg；乡村学生平均身高增加了0.74kg，体质量增加了0.36kg。但城市女生身高、体质量与2002年相比出现下滑。结论 广州市7～18岁学生生长发育的增长趋势在持续；乡村学生发育潜能在释放，城乡学生生长发育状况的差距在缩小；城乡男生生长发育呈现不断增长趋势，而城市女生生长发育则出现负增长现象。

Analysis of status of growth and development among students of elementary and high schools in the city and country of Guangzhou

Objective To explore the growth status and rule of elementary and high school students in Guangzhou. Methods A total of 5 760 students of 12 elementary and high schools in Guangzhou, ranged from seven to eighteen years old, were sampled, and the morphologic indexes were measured according to The National Surveillance Project for the Students Constitution Health. The surveillance results were described and analyzed comprehensively. Results The morpbologic indexes of elementary and high school students in Guangzhou were increased according to the rule in a general way. The morphologic indexes of city students were higher than those of country students. The morphologic indexes of schoolboys were higher than those of schoolgirls, except at the age of 10 or 11 years old. In the city ,the height of girls was higher than that of boys at the age of 10 year old, in country ,the age was 10 to 11 years old, and the weight was heavier of 1.02 kg than that of boys at the age of 11 years old. The morphologic growth status of city schoolgirls in 2004 was receding compared to that in 2002. Conclusions The increase of growth trend is continuing among the elementary and high school students in Guangzhou. The difference of the growth between city students and country students is lessening along with the release of growth potential of country students.