骶管的应用解剖学研究

目的为骶管阻滞麻醉提供解剖学依据。方法对180个成人干燥骶骨和30具成人尸体标本的骶管及骶骨背面邻近区域的有关结构进行形态学观察,并测量骶管裂孔及有关结构的径线。结果在干燥标本上,骶管后壁完整的有106例,占58.89%,骶管后壁有裂或孔约为39.44%,骶管裂孔形态以三角形多见,为41.11%,其次是长方形。不规则形或马蹄形;骶管裂孔高为(24.52±2.74)mm,底宽为(14.91±1.07)mm,孔尖矢径为(5.71±1.01)mm,孔尖至S2下缘距离为(32.41±0.59)mm;在成人尸体标本上,尾骨尖至两骶角连线中点的距离为(44.38±0.95)mm,裂孔尖至两髂后上棘连线中点的距离为(48.58±1.25)mm。结论根据解剖特点,骶管裂孔穿刺法明显优于骶管上端穿刺法和骶管后壁裂孔穿刺法。由于年龄。性别和个体差异等因素不相同,故临床上综合各种因素灵活运用麻醉方法。

Applied anatomy of the sacral canal

Objective To provide anatomical basis for the sacral anesthesia. Methods After observing 180 sets of sacrum and applied antiseptic adult 30 cadavers of sacral canal and the sharp of relevant structures of neighbouring regions in sacrum back walls, the diameter of sacral hiatus and relevant structures WERE measured. Results In dried sacrum specimens, 106 sets of sacral hiatus were found in good state, accounting for 58.89%,which had cracks and holes at the back walls of the sacrum, accounting for 39.44%; Most of sacral hiatus assume triange, accounting for 41.11%. Next to this sharp were rectangle sharp, irregular and U-sharp. The mean height of sacral hiatus was(24.52±2.74)mm, the mean base width was(14.91±1.07)mm, the mean sagittal diameter of sacral hiatus tip was (5.71±1.01)mm,the mean between sacral hiatus tip and fate of S2 was (32.41±0.59)mm; In antiseptic adult cadavers specimens, the mean between coccyx tip and two sacral horn alliance midpoint was (44.38±0.95)mm, the mean between sacral hiatus tip and two back of ilium qiagu alliance midpoint was (48.58±1.25)mm. Conclusion The puncture of sacral hiatus is better than puncture of sacral up walls and puncture of sacral hiatus back walls, but factors of age, gender and individual differences et al are not the same. So integrated every factor to flexible application anesthesia methods.