2006年甘肃省地方性砷中毒调查结果分析

目的 了解2006年甘肃省饮水高砷区分布范围和地方性砷中毒流行状况,为今后的防治工作提供依据.方法 按全国饮用水高砷水源筛查方案,选择甘肃省12个县(区)进行饮用水含砷量筛查,用二乙氨基二硫代甲酸银分光光度法测定水砷,皮肤病变按<地方性砷中毒诊断标准)(WS/T 211-2001)进行诊断.结果 12个筛查县共调查145个乡540个村,采集水样11 360份.检测出>0.05 mg/L的高砷水源22处,占筛查水源数的0.19%(12/11 360),其中夏河县洒索玛村1眼冷泉水水砷最高,为0.97 mg/L.对筛查出的17个高砷村进行了砷中毒病情调查,夏河县的4个村有病人检出,其中王格塘汪塘、完肯、完安昂村检出率均<10%.水砷最高的洒索玛村病情较重,检出率为49.68%(77/155),检出鲍文氏病变者1例,年龄范围为2～82岁.该村汉、回、藏3个民族混居,以汉族检出率最高为81.25%(13/16),回族次之为50.56%(45/89),藏族最低为38.00%(19/50).其余13个村未检出阳性体征者.结论 甘肃省高砷水源分布范围进一步扩大,局部病区病情较重,并存在冷泉型地方型砷中毒病区.

Analysis of the outcome of surveillance of endemic arsenium in Gansu Province

Objective To explore the distribution of high-arsenic drinking water and prevalence of endemic arsenism in Gansu Province in order to provide basis for prevention. Methods According to State Screening Project of High-arsenic Drinking Water in 2006, 12 counties were investigated to determine the content-arsenic in Gansu Province. The level of arsenic content in drinking water was determined by silver dithyldithiocarbamate spectrophotometric method and atomic fluorescence method. Patients with endemic arsenium were diagnosed with The Standard of Diagnosis for Endemic Arsenium(WS/T 211-2001). Results A total of 11 360 samples of 540 villages, 145 townships, and 12 counties were surveyed. Twenty two high-arsenic wellsprings were found in Chenxian and Xiahe Counties and the rate was 0.19%( 12/11 360). The highest content-arsenic in Sasuoma Village of cool-wellspring was 0.970 mg/L. The endemic arsenium was studied in 17 high-arsenic villages. In Xiahe, 4 patients were diagnosed, the morbidity rate of endemic arsenium in Wangtang, Wanken, Wananang Villages was lower 10%. Detection rate was 49.68%(77/155) in Sasouma Village, 1 case of Boweens was found. The youngest patient was only 2 years old, and the oldest one 82 years old. The highest Detection rate of Han population was 81.25% (13/16), Hui 50.56%(45/89), and Zang 38.00% (19/50). According to The Standard for Determining Affected Area of Endemic Arsenism, the village was claimed to be seriously affected area in the type of cool-wellspring of drinking water arsenic. No patient was found in other villages. Conclusions High-arsenic areas are broadening in recent years. In some places, the prevalence of this disease is very serious. The affected area belongs to drinking water arsenic of cool-wellspring type.