Triamterene and renal stone formation: The influence of triamterene and triamterene stones on calcium oxalate crystallization

Summary A constant composition method has been used to compare the effects of triamterene renal stone material, synthetic triamterene precipitates, and soluble triamterene on the nucleation and crystallization kinetics of calcium oxalate in aqueous solutionin vitro. Crystallization studies have been carried out with the concentrations of calcium and oxalate ions maintained constant by the potentiometrically controlled addition of concentrated reagent solutions containing these ions. Triamterene renal stones were found to be much less effective than synthetic triamterene towards promoting the nucleation and crystallization of calcium oxalate from supersaturated solution. Renal stones composed of triamterene and matrix did not significantly enhance the deposition of calcium oxalate compared to nonseeded controls. The triamterene stones were also found to be ineffective in promoting calcium oxalate crystallization compared to other precipitates thought to be involved in the etiology of stone disease such as calcium hydroxyapatite. For stones of mixed triamterene/calcium oxalate composition, the enhancement of the nucleation and crystallization of calcium oxalate was directly related to the calcium oxalate content of the stone seed material. The presence of soluble triamterene or its metabolites in solution did not influence the crystallization kinetics of pure calcium oxalate seed materials. The results of this study indicate that triamterene in stones does not significantly contribute to further stone development through the enhancement of calcium oxalate crystallization processes.