广州市天河区0～14岁儿童伤害流行病学特征及影响因素分析

目的 探讨广州市天河区0～14岁儿童意外伤害流行病学特征及影响因素,为开展伤害预防干预提供依据。方法 以随机整群抽样的方法调查广州市天河区0～14岁儿童及其家长,以问卷方式调查儿童在过去一年意外伤害发生状况以及家长对意外伤害的认知水平。结果 共调查天河区1285名0～14岁儿童,其意外伤害发生率为16．34％,伤害次数发生率为20．47％,男、女性分别为23．46％和17.43％,男性高于女性(P＜0．01)。跌倒／坠落、碰撞／挤压伤、扭伤和交通事故是最常见类型,最常见的伤害地点是家里／宿舍、学校／幼儿园。2．66％的受伤儿童需住院治疗,44．87％的受伤儿童需医院门诊处理,意外伤害医疗费用支出占家庭人均月收入的14．53％。儿童意外伤害的影响因素为父亲职业、家庭经济状况及儿童性格特点等。95．2％的家长表示听说过“意外伤害”;89．4％的家长表示经常或有时担心孩子会发生伤害;13,4％的家长表示接受过有关预防儿童青少年伤害的培训和指导。结论意外伤害严重影响着天河区0～14岁儿童的健康,给家庭和社会造成经济损失。预防重点是培训家长和教师,开展健康教育,以提高其安全知识水平。

An epidemiological analysis on injuries among children in Tianhe district of Guangzhou

Objective To analyze the epidemiological characteristics and risk factor of injuries among children aged 0-14 year in Tianhe district of Guangzhou city and provide the foundations for injury prevention and intervention. Methods Children aged 0-14 year in Tianhe district were chosen with random cluster sampling. Questionnaires were used to collect the information about injuries among children and the level of injuries cognition among their parents in past year. Results The injury incidence of among 1 285 children aged 0-14 year was 20.47% and the incidence among boys (23.46%) was significantly higher than that of girls (17.43%)(P<0.01). The most frequent four types of injuries were slip fall, crash, sprain and traffic incidents and the common locations were home/dormitory, school/kinder-garden. 2.66% of injured children were hospitalized and 44.87% treated in out-patient department.Injuries medical treatment expenditure accounted for 14.53% of family per capita income monthly. Parent's occupation, economic factors, and children character were determinants. 95.2% of the parents heard of "unintentional injuries". 89.4% of parents worried that their children could be injured, especially for parents of preschool children. 13.4% of the parents said that they had received children injury prevention training. Conclusion Injury had a severe impact on children health and economy of families and society in Tianhe district. Health promotion on children injuries control and prevention should be initiated for parents and teachers.