云南芒市傣族居民高血压患病、治疗、控制及自我管理现状分析

摘要:目的　了解云南省芒市傣族居民的高血压患病率、知晓率、治疗率、控制率及自我管理现状。方法　采用分层随机抽样的方法在云南省德宏州芒市抽取1379名≥35岁的傣族居民通过问卷调查和血压测量。结果　芒市傣族居民高血压的患病率、知晓率、治疗率和控制率分别为55.2%、42.0%、33.1%和5.4%，其中男性分别为58.9%、36.4%、26.2%、4.0%；女性分别为51.6%、48.2%、40.6%、7.1%；男性的高血压患病率高于女性（χ2＝7.47，P＜0.05），而女性的知晓率和治疗率均高于男性（χ2＝11.07、χ2＝17.92，P＜0.05）。傣族高血压患者中，按医嘱服药者占75.9%；按医嘱定期测量血压者占69.1%；女性服药依从性优于男性（χ2＝9.19，P＜0.05）。在最近两周内采取的降压措施中，控制体重或减肥者占15.7%；清淡饮食者占75.3%；增加锻炼者占11.1%；戒烟者占5.7%；戒酒或减少喝酒者占28.4%；女性采取饮食控制措施的比例高于男性（χ2＝37.63，P＜0.05）。结论　芒市傣族居民的高血压患病率较高，而知晓率、治疗率、控制率及自我管理行为仍然处于较低水平，应该加强对当地高血压危险因素及危害的宣传教育力度。

Analysis of prevalence,awareness, treatment,control, and self-management of hypertension among Dai ethnic minority in Mang Shi,Yunnan Province

Abstract: Objective To investigate the prevalence, awareness, treatment, control and self-management of hypertension among Dai ethnic minority in Mang shi of Yunnan province. Methods The stratified random sampling method was used to select representative samples of 1, 379 Dai ethnic minority aged 35 years and over from Mang Shi of Yunnan province. Information related to hypertension was obtained from questionnaire survey and blood pressure measurement. Results In this study population, the overall prevalence, awareness, treatment and control rate of hypertension were 55.2%, 42.0%, 33.1% and 5.4%, and were 58.9%, 36.4%, 26.2% and 4.0% for males, and 51.6%, 48.2%, 40.6% and 7.1% for females, respectively. Males had high prevalence of hypertension than females (χ2=7.47, P<0.05), whereas females had higher awareness and treatment rate of hypertension than males (χ2=11.07, χ2=17.92, P<0.05). In hypertensive subjects, 75.9% adhered to taking doctor prescribed anti-hypertensive drugs, and 69.1% regularly self-monitored blood pressure. The rate of adhering to taking doctor prescribed anti-hypertensive drugs was higher in females than in males (χ2=9.19, P<0.05). In the two weeks before the survey, 15.7% of hypertensive patients reduced weight; 75.3% had a special diet; 11.1% exercised more; 5.7% tried to quit smoking, and 28.4% drunk less. Females had higher rate of having special diet than males (χ2=37.63, P<0.05). Conclusion The findings indicate a relatively high prevalence rate of hypertension and low levels of awareness, treatment, control, and self-management among Dai ethnic minority people. It is necessary to strengthen health education about risks of hypertension to local people.