乳腺癌患者诊断期心理体验的质性研究

目的：了解乳腺癌患者诊断期的心理体验及需求，为诊断期乳腺癌患者提供针对性的护理干预提供依据。方法：采用质性研究中的现象学研究方法对18例初次诊断为乳腺癌的患者进行半结构访谈，利用Colaizzi分析方法对资料进行分析归纳和提炼主题。结果：乳腺癌患者诊断期的心理体验可归纳为4个方面的主题：强烈的不确定感；心理社会压力；信息需求；疾病归因反思。结论：乳腺癌患者诊断期间对疾病的不确定感强烈，并承受不同程度的压力，护理工作中应及时为患者提供充足的诊疗信息，指导患者采取积极的应对方式，重视患者诊断期的心理需求，为其提供针对性的心理疏导。

Qualitative research on psychological experiences of breast cancer patients during the period of diagnosis

Objective: To explore and describe the psychological experiences of breast cancer patients during diagnosis period, and to provide reference for specific nursing for them. Methods: The phenomenological research method was adopted. 18 cases with suspected breast cancer were deeply interviewed using a semi-structured questionnaire. The information of interview was analyzed, sorted, coded in according to Colaizzi’s analysis, and different themes were extracted. Results: The four themes of psychological experiences of suspected breast cancer patients during the diagnosis period including: strong uncertainty; psycho-social stress; the demand of information; reflection of the disease reasons. Conclusion: Breast cancer patients in diagnostic period have strong uncertainty and heavy pressure. Nurses should timely detect the psychological changes of patients, then providing sufficient information and instruct them to response positively. Nurses should pay more attention to their psychological demands, and provide specific psychological counseling.