莆田地区607名小学生近视及影响因素调查

目的 了解城镇与农村小学生近视况及其影响因素,为开展针对性的宣传干预提供参考依据.方法 采用自制问卷,随机抽取莆田市2所小学(市区和农村各1所)共607名小学生进行调查,对调查结果采用相关和logistic回归分析进行统计学处理.结果 ①莆田市城镇和农村小学生近视率分别为38.03%和16.56%,城镇和农村对小学生近视率差异有统计学意义(χ2=35.227,P＜0.05);②及时配戴眼镜、坐姿及吃甜食、蔬菜等对城镇小学生近视率差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05),及时配戴眼镜和每年进行眼科检查与小学生近视成正相关,坐姿、每天做眼保健操及喜欢吃甜食、蔬菜与近视成负相关;③眼科检查和用眼卫生对农村小学生近视率差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05),每年进行眼科检查、及时配戴眼镜和用眼卫生与小学生近视成正相关.结论 城镇小学生近视率明显高于农村,及时配戴眼镜、正确坐姿及喜欢吃甜食、蔬菜眼科检查和用眼卫生等因素均对小学生近视率有不同程度的影响,应针对城镇和农村不同地区采取相应预防与保护措施.

A Research on Myopia and Its Influence Factors in 607 Putian Pupils

Objective To study reasons of the urban and rural pupil myopia,and then provide some references for the publicity intervention.Methods By sending out questionnaires and carrying out surveys to 607 Putian pupils from 2 elementary schools(one in urban area and the other in rural area).The results would be analyzed and processed by the correlation and logistic regression analysis.Results ① Urban and rural pupil myopia rates were 38.03% and 16.56% respectively,Urban and rural pupils myopia rates had a significant difference(χ2=35.227,P<0.05).② Timely wearing glasses,sitting posture,eating sweets and vegetables could be considered as the influence factors on the difference(P<0.05) of urban and rural pupil myopia rates.Timely wearing glasses,annual ophthalmologic examination and myopia were related,sitting posture,doing eye exercises,eating sweets,vegetables and myopia were negatively related.③ The ophthalmologic examination and eye health of rural pupil myopia rate had a significant difference(P<0.05).Annual ophthalmologic examination,timely wearing glasses and eye health and were correlated with myopia.Conclusion The myopia rate was higher in the urban areas.Timely wearing glasses,a correct sitting posture,eating sweets and vegetables,ophthalmologic examination,eye health and other factors would affect in some degree the myopia rate.Therefore,we should take corresponding prevention and protection measures according to the different regions,urban or rural.