某沿海工业区部分投产期间环境质量状况监测和评价

目的对某沿海工业区部分投产期间的大气、海水及土壤质量状况进行监测和评价。方法采用功能分区法，将首钢京唐钢铁厂（简称钢厂）、华润电厂（简称电厂）、矿石码头、煤炭码头，原油码头视为污染区，发展备用地作为对照区，按照国家监测规范及标准测定方法进行大气、海水及土壤的监测、采样和样品测定，按照国家环境质量标准进行比较，计算各采样点分级污染指数及综合污染指数，并进行评价。结果（1）某沿海工业区各采样点大气污染物浓度均不超标，各功能区大气质量分级均为Ⅰ级；（2）表层海水中，矿石码头铜，煤炭码头BOD5^20、COD和铜，原油码头COD、铜和汞均超标；10m深处海水中，矿石码头汞、铜和无机磷，煤炭码头铜，原油码头汞和铜均超出国家海水水质标准；（3）土壤中As、Cr、Pb和Zn含量均未超标；钢厂、电厂、煤炭码头和原油码头土壤中的Cd、Cu、Hg和Ni的含量均超标；而矿石码头只有Cd的含量超标。结论某沿海工业区部分投产期间各采样点空气质量状况属“清洁”；各码头近邻海水铜、汞、无机磷、BOD5^20、COD指标部分超标；各采样点土壤重金属污染综合评价为钢厂中度污染，电厂、煤炭码头、原油码头轻度污染、矿石码头尚清洁，对照区土壤清洁。

Assessment on the Environmental Quality of a Coastal Industrial Area at Partial Operation Stage

Objectives To monitor and assess the quality of air, sea water and soil of a coastal industrial area at partial operation stage. Methods Samples were collected according to the function of a scene. Industrial areas （ Capital Iron and Steel Industrial Factory, Huarun Power Plant） and dock areas （ Ore Dock, Coal Dock and Crude Oil Dock） were regarded as contaminated areas and the developing and spare areas were regarded as control plot. Monitoring, sampling and measuring were carried out according to the National monitoring specification and National standard detection methods. The results were compared with the National environment standards and were assessed with graded pollution indexes and synthetic pollution indexes. Results （1） The concentrations of air pollutants in each area were all lower than the standard limits. （2） The concentrations of pollutants in the shallow sea water around some docks were higher than the standard limits, such as Cu at Ore Dock, BOD5^20, COD and Cu at Coal Dock, COD, Cu and Hg at Crude Oil Dock; the concentration of pollutants in deep sea water around some docks were higher than the standard limits, such as Cu, Hg and inorganic phosphorus at Ore Dock, Cu at Coal Dock, COD, Cu and Hg at Crude Oil Dock. Other indexes were met the criterion. （3）The contents of As, Cr, Pb and Zn in soil were lower than the standard limits; but the contents of Cd, Cu, Hg and Ni in the soil of steel factory, powe lant, Coal Dock and Crude Oil Dock were higher than the standard limits; while in the Ore Dock, only the content of Cd was higher than the national standard limits. Conclusions The quality of air in these industrial areas belonged to ＂ clean＂. The concentrations of Cu, Hg, inorganic phosphorus, BOD5^20 and COD at Docks were partially higher than the standard limits. The comprehensive evaluation on heavy metal pollution in all sampling sites showed that the Steel Factory was moderately polluted, Power Plant, Coal Dock and Crude Oil Dock was slightly polluted, and Ore Dock was relatively clean, soil in the control plot was clean.