Aneurysmal bone cyst of the mandibular condyle

INTRODUCTION: Aneurysmal bone cyst (ABC) is a pseudotumor of bone consisting of a septated cystic cavity filled with blood. CASE: We report a case of aneurysmal bone cyst of the left mandibular condyle discovered in a 10-year-old child with a history of mandibular trauma which had occurred one year earlier. The treatment consisted in surgical excision of the lesion and reconstruction using a chondro-costal graft. The post operative development led to a chondral hyperplasia. DISCUSSION: We discuss the pathogenesis of the ABC centered on three theories, traumatic, vascular and tumoral of primary lesion. There are several complementary examinations to establish the diagnosis of ABC but the histopathological examination is the only way to confirm the diagnosis. The differential diagnosis of ABC is not an easy task. Surgical management with removal followed by immediate reconstruction is preferred.