110例结核性脑膜炎早期诊断若干问题的探讨

目的探讨结核性脑膜炎(结脑)早期诊断中存在的问题,提高结脑的早期诊断率。方法回顾分析临床确诊为结脑110例病人,按病程分为早期、中期和晚期3组,并对3组病人的临床症状、体征、脑脊液(CSF)各项指标,影像学结果,以及误诊情况进行分析比较。结果本组38.2%(42/110)的病例临床表现不典型,早期临床表现不典型的比例最高,达62.5%(15/24),中期有26.7%(8/30),晚期有33.9%(19/56);早期与中、晚期比较,P<0.01。腰穿CSF检查有40.0%(44/110)病例的CSF改变不典型,早期的比例最高,为50.0%(12/24),中期有20.0%(6/30),晚期有46.4%(26/56);早期分别与中期、晚期组比较,结果分别为P<0.05、P>0.05。CT总的阳性率为78.2%(68/87),但早期的阳性率仅为45.0%(9/20),中晚期的阳性率可达88.0%(59/67);早期与中晚期比较,P<0.01。110例中误诊44例,误诊率为40.0%,早、中、晚期误诊率分别为62.5%(15/24)、36.7%(11/30)、32.1%(18/56),早期误诊率与中晚期比较,P<0.01。结论结脑早期临床表现不典型,各种辅助检查的特异性和敏感性亦不高,把临床和各种辅助检查结合起来,综合判断,才能减少或避免误诊。

Problems Associated with Diagnosis of Early Stage Tuberculous Meningitis

Objective To examine the problems associated with the diagnosis of tuberculous meningitis in patients at the early stage of infection. Methods Clinical documents of 110 patients with tuberculous meningitis were analyzed retrospectively. Three groups of patients, namely early stage group, middle stage group and later stage group, were compared. Results The clinical manifestations and changes of cerebral spinal fluid in patients at early stage of infection were not apparent. The misdiagnosis rate in early, middle, and late stage was 62.5%, 36.7%, and 32.1%,respectively.Conclusion To make a correct diagnosis of early stage tuberculous meningitis,a comprehensive study of all clinical tests is required.