深圳市一孩先天性残疾家庭的二孩同类病研究

本文对深圳市1990～1997年因独生子女先天残疾通过病残儿鉴定再生育二孩的家庭进行调查,并以同期通过鉴定的后天性残疾家庭为内对照,以农村地区一孩先天残疾未经病残儿鉴定生育二孩的家庭为外对照,了解其二孩先天残疾再发情况,尤其是同类病的再发情况,拟对独生子女病残儿医学鉴定和二胎生育指标的审批工作效果进行评价,为优生工作提供依据。研究结果表明,鉴定组一孩先天残疾家庭二孩先天残疾的患病率为5.81％,与广州市1986～1991年情况类似(5.9％),高于外省(辽宁1990～1992年为1.35％)。鉴定组二胎同类病发生率为2.8％,非鉴定组为4.55％,两组比较虽无统计学差异,但病种上却有不同,鉴定组为再发风险低的血友病、先天性共转性内斜视、脑萎缩,而非鉴定组为再发风险高的先天聋哑、进行性肌萎缩。提示病残儿鉴定工作颇有成效,避免了相当一部分遗传病家庭再次生育残疾儿,但某些环节有待进一步完善;对农村一胎先天残疾家庭生育二胎也必须纳入管理范围。

Stady on the Second Child's Reappearance of Congenital Disease .

214 families with the first children suffered from congenital disease as the observation group were followed up. Prior to the repregnancy with the second children they had the heredity consultation. Another 129 families with the first child of the congenital disease and without heredity consultation prior to the repregnancy severed as the contrast group. The result revealed that there was 2.8% in the second children of observation group reappeared of the same congenital diseases as the first children, including 1 case of hemophilia A, 1 case of congenital inner swivel-eye and 1 case of brain atrophy; and 4.55% of contrast groud including 2 cases of proceeding myo- atrophy, 1 case of congenital deaf-mute Few families took part in antenatal - diagnosis both observation and contrast group. This study sug-gesed that we should strengthen heredity consultation and antenatal - diagnosis in order to reduce the birth defect.