城市高龄老人压力状况及应对方式

目的探究城市高龄老人的心理压力及应对方式状况，帮助他们实现积极老龄化。方法采用自编老年人心理压力情况调查问卷对南京市320名城市高龄老人进行调查研究。结果①城市高龄老人心理压力主要是生理衰老和疾病压力、经济压力、居住环境压力；压力应对方式主要是解决问题、求助、合理化；②在人际交往压力（t=-1．993，P〈0．05），维权压力（t=-2．102，P〈0．05）和解决问题（t；2．157，P〈0．05）上存在性别差异；在经济压力（F=28．790，P〈0．01），居住环境压力（F=3．754，P〈0．05），生理衰老和疾病压力（F=4．487，P〈0．05），自责（F=4．242，P〈0．05）和退避幻想（F=4．457，P〈0．05）上存在受教育程度差异；在人际交往压力（F=6．452，P〈0．01）和求助（F=3．441，P〈0．05）上存在居住状况差异。结论城市高龄老人的心理压力和应对方式存在性别、受教育程度和居住状况差异。

The Stress State and Coping Style for the City Eelderly

Objective To explore the city elderly~ psychological stress and coping style,and help them achieve active aging. Meth- ods A total of 320 city elderly were investigated with self questionnaire. Results （~）The major stress were physiological aging and dis- ease, economy, and living environment. The major coping style were problem-solving, help-seeking and rationalization. （~）There were sig- nificant gender differences on the interpersonal interaction （ t = -1. 993, P 〈 0.05 ）, legal rights （ t = -2. 102, P 〈 0.05 ） and problem-solving （ t = 2. 157, P 〈 0.05 ）. Different educational level had distinct attitudes on economy （ F = 28. 790, P 〈 0.01 ）, living environment （ F = 3. 754, P 〈 0.05 ）, physiological aging and disease （ F = 4. 487, P 〈 0.05 ）, self-accusation （ F = 4. 242, P 〈 0.05 ）, illusion and avoiding （ F = 4. 457, P 〈 0.05 ）. There were significant living conditions differences on the interpersonal interaction （ F = 6. 452, P 〈 0.01 ） and help-seeking（ F = 3.441 ,P 〈 0. 05）. Conclusion The city elderly＇s stress and coping style differs in the gender, educational level and living conditions.