Adolescents' MMPI performance,cynicism, estrangement,and personal adjustment as a function of race and sex

Investigated race and sex differences of lower-class adolescents ( N = 76) on the MMPI, cynicism, estrangement, and ACL personal adjustment scales. Results revealed no racial differences on MMPI clinical scales or the ACL personal adjustment scale. Significant racial differences on L, F, and cynicism supported the interpretation of cultural differences rather than differential racial adjustment. Sex differences were more prevalent than race differences and discussion cautioned against overlooking sex differences in favor of racial differences and cautioned against the use of the K correction procedure with MMPIs obtained from adolescents.