中山市流行性脑脊髓膜炎流行特征分析

目的对中山市2004~2005年流行性脑脊髓膜炎病例进行流行病学的分析,为预防和控制流行性脑脊髓膜炎提供科学的依据。方法采用统一个案调查表,对辖区内流行性脑脊髓膜炎病例进行调查,并采集脑脊液用乳胶凝集法进行特异性抗原的检测,采集咽拭子标本进行细菌的培养;用Excel录入每例个案资料,运用描述流行病学方法对病例进行综合分析。结果全市报告8例流行性脑脊髓膜炎散发病例,其中1例为输入性病例,余均为本地感染病例,散发于该市4个镇区,除1例为本市籍的患者外,余均为外来流动人员;脑膜炎奈瑟菌特异性抗原的检测均为阳性,血清分型以A群为主,同时发现A B群、B群和C群。结论应加强冬春季卫生知识的宣传教育,特别是预防流行性脑脊髓膜炎知识的教育,加强菌群监测及疫情预测预报,切实做好流脑多糖体菌苗的预防接种和应急免疫工作,定期在外来人员和易感者中开展流脑疫苗的接种。

Analysis of Epidemioiogical Characteristics on Epidemic Cerebrospinal Meningitis in Zhongshan City

Objective To analyze the epidemic cerebrospinal meningitis cases from 2004 to 2005 in Zhongshan for the development of epidemic cerebrospinal meningitis control strategies.Methods The demographic data of epidemic cerebrospinal meningitis cases were surveyed by questionnaire,the specific antigen was detected by latex agglutination and the pharynx swab samples were collected for cultures.The cases were analyzed in EXCEL by epidemiology method. Results Eight epidemic cerebrospinal meningitis patients were reported in 4 districts,1 was an imported case and the other 3 were local infected;but only one was the local inhabitant.All the antigen testings were positive.The A strain was dominant,and A B,B,and C strains were detected also. Conclusions The knowledge and attitude related to public health need to be improved,especially about epidemic cerebrospinal meningitis.The forecast and inoculation should be also strengthened.